Prince is a wise biography

Memory March 4, February 20, a day of death. According to various sources, he was born between and years, was the second son of Equal -to -the -Apostles Vladimir from Polotsk Princess Rognedya. According to some reports, in childhood, he suffered from paralysis of the legs, which passed in the year, but there was lameness. During the life of St. Vladimir, during his life, having produced the first division of lands between his sons, St.

Vladimir planted nine -year -old Yaroslav in Rostov. In the year, when Yaroslav baptized the Volga, the pagan inhabitants of the tract of the bear’s corner released the “holy bear” against him, but the prince, armed with the ax, defeated the beast. In the year, after the death of the eldest son of Vysheslav, St. Vladimir transferred Yaroslav to reign to Novgorod, passing the elder, Svyatopolk, who was then under the anger of his father.

Having become Prince Novgorod, Yaroslav wanted to break dependence on Kyiv and become an independent sovereign of the vast Novgorod region. He refused to pay his father an annual tribute in hryvnias in the year, as all Novgorod planters did. His desire coincided with the desire of the Novgorodians, who were burdened by the tribute imposed on them. Yaroslav was also dissatisfied with the fact that his father preferred his younger brother, Boris.

Angry at Yaroslav, Vladimir was preparing to personally go against him, but soon fell ill and died. Yaroslav, meanwhile, hired a squad of the Varangians for the upcoming struggle. The internecine wars were seized by the senior in the kind of Svyatopolk Cursed, who, wanting to become a unanimous ruler of all Rus', killed through the hired killers of three brothers - Martyrships Boris and Gleb, as well as Svyatoslav.

The same danger threatened Yaroslav, but he, warned by the sister of Pozlava, himself went to Kyiv. Before this, Yaroslav was in a quarrel with the Novgorodians for often supporting the Varangian squad in her bloody skirmishes with the population of the city, but now the Novgorodians easily agreed to go with him against his brother. Having gathered thousands of 40 Novgorodians and several thousand Varangian mercenaries, Yaroslav moved against Svyatopolk, who called for his assistance to the Pechenegs.

Yaroslav defeated Svyatopolk in a fierce section near Lyuba, joined Kyiv, and occupied the Grand Duke table in the year, after which he generously awarded the Novgorodians and let them go home. The fled Svyatopolk returned with the regiments of his father -in -law, the Polish king Boleslav Brave, as well as with the squads of the Germans, Hungarians and Pechenegs. In or year, Yaroslav was defeated on the banks of the Bug and fled to Novgorod.

He was ready to sail to Scandinavia, but the Novgorodians chopped down the princely boats and bowed Yaroslav to continue the struggle. With a new large army, he defeated the navigation of Svyatopolk and his allies-poureds on the Alta River in the year, in the same place where his brother St. Boris was treacherously killed. Svyatopolk fled to Poland and died on the way, and Yaroslav in the same year became the Grand Duke of Kyiv.

Now he is firmly established in Kyiv and, in the words of the chronicler, "wiped the sweat with his squad." In the year, the nephew of Yaroslav, Prince Brychelv Izyaslavich Polotsk, declared claims to part of the Novgorod regions. Having received a refusal, he attacked Novgorod, took and plundered him. Hearing about the approach of Yaroslav, Bryabslav left Novgorod with many captives and hostages.

Yaroslav caught up with him in the Pskov region, on the Sudoma River, defeated him and released the captives of the Novgorodians. After this victory, Yaroslav concluded the world with the Brychers, yielding to him the Vitebsk volost with the cities of Vitebsk and he will condirect. Having barely ended this war, Yaroslav was supposed to start a more difficult struggle with his younger brother Mstislav Tmutarakan, who demanded from him the division of Russian lands equally, and approached Kyiv in Yaroslav at that time in Novgorod and in the north, in Suzdal land, where there was hunger and strong rebellion caused by the Volvami.

In Novgorod, Yaroslav gathered a large army against Mstislav and called the hired Varangians under the command of the noble Vityaz Yakun Blind. The army of Yaroslav met with Mstislav’s army near the town of Last, near Chernigov, and in a brutal section was broken. Yaroslav again retired to his faithful Novgorod. Mstislav sent him to tell him that he recognized his seniority and did not achieve Kyiv, but Yaroslav did not trust his brother and returned, only gathering a strong army in the north.

Then, in the year, he concluded the world of Gorodets with his brother, probably near Kyiv, according to which the Russian land was divided into two parts along the Dnieper: the regions on the eastern side of the Dnieper retreated to Mstislav, and according to the western - to Yaroslav. In the year, Mstislav died and Yaroslav began to sorely rule the Russian land - “was an autocratic”, in the words of the chronicle.

In the same year, I. In the hands of Yaroslav, all the Russian regions were now connected, with the exception of the Polotsk principality. Yaroslav had external relations still had to make many campaigns against external enemies - almost all of his reigning was filled with wars. In the year, he successfully repelled the attack of the Pechenegs on Kyiv and then fought with them like the allies of the Svyatopolk of the Cursed.

In the year, the annals are celebrated by the siege of Kyiv by Pechenegs in the absence of Yaroslav, who was excommunicated to Novgorod.Having received the news of this, he hurried to the rescue and hastily defeated the Pechenegs under the very walls of Kyiv. After this defeat of the Pechenegs attack on Rus' ceased. Yaroslav’s campaigns are known to the north against the Finns.

In the year, he went to the Chud and approved his power on the shores of Lake Peipsi, where he built the city and named it Yuryev in honor of his patron saint. In the year, Yaroslav sent his son Vladimir on a hike. The campaign was successful, but Vladimir’s squad returned almost without horses due to case. There is a news of the campaign of Russians under Yaroslav to the Ural ridge led by Uleb in the year.

On the western borders, Yaroslav waged wars with Lithuania and Yatvyagi, to stop their raids, and with Poland. In the year, Yaroslav went to besiege Brest; In the year, he took Belz in northeastern Galicia; The following year, Mstislav returned Cherven cities with his brother Mstislav and brought many Polish captives, whom he settled along the Rosi River in towns to protect land from steppe nomads.

He finally won Brest in the year. Several times, Yaroslav went to Poland to help King Casimir to pacify the rebellious Mazovia; The last campaign was in the year. The reign of Yaroslav was also marked by the last hostile clash of Rus' with the Greeks. One of the Russian merchants was killed in a quarrel with the Greek, after which, not receiving resentment, Yaroslav sent a large fleet to Byzantium under the command of the eldest son of Vladimir Novgorod and the governors are driven.

The storm scattered Russian ships. Vladimir destroyed the Greek fleet sent for his persecution, but the highlighted was surrounded and captured at Varna. The world was concluded in the year; The prisoners on both sides are returned and friendly relations are borrowed by the marriage of the beloved son of Yaroslav, Vsevolod, with the Byzantine princess.

Although he had to conduct a war almost constantly, according to the chronicler, he did not like to fight. In foreign policy, Yaroslav, like his father, hoped more for diplomacy and mutually beneficial relations than weapons. His time was an era of active relations with Western states. Yaroslav was in family ties with the Normans: he himself was married to the Swedish Princess Ingigerda, in the baptism of Irina, and the Norwegian Prince Garald Garald, the bold received the hand of his daughter Elizabeth.

The four sons of Yaroslav, among them Vsevolod, Svyatoslav and Izyaslav, were also married to foreign princesses. Foreign princes, such as the saint Olaf, Magnus Dobry, Garald Garald, and the noble Normans found shelter and protection at Yaroslav, and Varangian merchants enjoy his special patronage. There are news of foreign chroniclers about family ties with the English kings and about the stay at the court of Yaroslav two English princes who were looking for asylum.

The internal management of the significance of Yaroslav in Russian history is based mainly on its works on the internal structure of the Russian land. Yaroslav was a prince of the “outfit” of the earth, its landlord. Like his father, he settled the steppe spaces, built new cities, such as Yuryev now Tartu and Yaroslavl, continued the policy of the predecessors to protect the borders and trade routes from nomads and to protect the interests of Russian trade in Byzantium.

He fenced the southern border of Rus' with a steppe and began to put the cities here in the year - now the White Church, Torce, Korsun, Trepol and others began to put here. The capital of Yaroslav, Kyiv, to Western foreigners seemed to be an opponent of Constantinople; Its liveliness, caused by a trading activity intensive for that time, was amazed at the 19th-century foreigners-it is significant that the son of Yaroslav, Vsevolod, without leaving Kyiv, learned five languages.

Decorating Kyiv with many new buildings, he circled it with new stone walls “The city of Yaroslav”, arranging the famous golden gates in them, and above them - a church in honor of the Annunciation. Yaroslav founded in Kyiv at the site of his victory over the Pechenegs the temple of St. Sophia, perfectly decorating it with frescoes and mosaics, and also built here the monastery of St.

George and the monastery of St. Irina in honor of his wife's angel. The prototypes of these buildings were architectural structures of Constantinople and Jerusalem. The completion of construction coincided with the creation of a great monument of ancient Russian literature, the “Words of the Law and Grace”, which was uttered by the future St. Hilarion on March 25. Then the first Russian chronicle was written - the core of the internal activity of the Holy Prince was the assistance of the spread of Christianity in Rus', the development of the enlightenment and training of clergy from the Russians necessary for this purpose.

Both in Kyiv and in other cities, Yaroslav did not spare funds for church gospel, inviting Greek masters for this. Under Yaroslav, church singers who taught Russian octoplassed singing came to Rus' from Byzantium. The chronicler Nestor noted that under Yaroslav the Christian faith began to "expand and expand, and the blacksmen began to multiply, and the monasteries appear." When at the end of his reign it was necessary to put a new metropolitan on the Kyiv Metropolitan, Yaroslav ordered the Cathedral of Russian bishops in the year to put the Metropolitan of St.

Hilarion, the first archpastor of the Russian Metropolis from the Russians. To instill in the people the began the Christian faith, Yaroslav ordered to translate manuscript books from Greek to Slavic and bought them a lot. Gathering everywhere books and translators, he multiplied the number of books in Rus' and gradually introduced them into widespread use. Yaroslav put all these manuscripts in the library of the Sophia Cathedral built by him for general use.

To spread the letter, Yaroslav ordered the clergy to teach children, and in Novgorod, according to later chronicle data, he arranged a school for boys. Finally, the most famous Yaroslav remained as a legislator. Already in Novgorod, when he was appointed a governor there, he was called justice - it was there that the development of the written laws of Rus' began.

Yaroslav is attributed to the oldest Russian monument of law - “Russian Pravda” is also called “Charter” or “Yaroslavl Court”, which is a collection of existing laws and customs, the oral “Law of the Russian”, which was mentioned in the agreements of Rus' with Byzantium. He concerned primarily issues of public order protection. Under Yaroslav, a church charter or a helmsman of a book, composed on the basis of the Byzantine nomocanon, appeared.

The concepts of sin and crimes were first delimited in it: every crime is a sin, but not every sin is a crime. The nature and death of the annals, the Grand Duke "was a chromonog, but his mind was kind and was brave in the rati." Describing his character, the chronicler speaks of mind, prudence, compassion for the poor, courage. Yaroslav’s temper was strict, and life is modest, unlike his father, who loved funny feasts.

Contemporaries noted that Yaroslav was himself read in liturgical books by man and owned a large personal library. According to the chronicler, he considered the books "rivers capable of drinking wisdom." The noble prince was distinguished by zeal in faith. According to one of the legends, he ordered to dig the bones of the princes of Yaropolk and Oleg and, having christened them, buried the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the Kyiv Church, hoping to save their souls from eternal flour and death.

The noble Grand Duke Yaroslav wise on February 20 in his country residence Vyshgorod, near Kiev, died. He was buried in a marble coffin in the Kiev Sofia Cathedral pledged by him. One of the subjects of the prince was re scratched on the wall of the temple: "In the summer of the month of February, the Assumption of our Tsar ...".