Marsilia Biography

Born in Padua, Marsilion studied medicine, philosophy and theology in Paris, where he became a teacher, and then the rector of the university. In the year. Applying his theory to life, Marsilia Paduan questioned the authority of the papacy and violently attacked the Kuria of the Pontiffs in Avignon. He found refuge at the court of Louis Bavarian, becoming his adviser.

Here he wrote other political treatises in which he advocated the strengthening of imperial power and for its separation and independence from the church. His “defender of the world” was adopted by many rulers and, in particular, French sovereigns. Polo de Bonya, M. Marsili Paduan Marsilius Paduanis between and - near - an Italian political thinker, the ideologist of the top of the burgherism.

Born in Padua. He studied medicine, philosophy in Padua, theology in Paris. The author of the treatise "Defender of the World" "Defensor Pacis", publ.

Having opposed the claims of the papacy to secular power, he argued that secular power is above the spiritual. The best form of the state considered the monarchy with a separate legislative and executive branch, the sovereign of which, limited by the institution of an estate nature, is elected by the people and may be deprived of their power. In the year, Marsilia Paduansky was excommunicated and sentenced in absentia to the death penalty.

Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes. Volume 9. Literature: A. studied at the universities of Padua, Orleans and Paris. In the years - the rector of the University of Paris. The author is possible in co -authorship with his friend as Averroist J. Zhang Antipap labor “Defensor Pacis” defender of the world, convicted by the church in the year and re -fled to the emperor’s court in Germany, was declared a heretic, excommunicated and sentenced in absentia to burn the fire.

In the main composition of Defensor Pacis and in a small version - “Defensor Minor”; It was compiled in response to the criticism of the comrade -in -arms in the fight against Pope W. Okkama who opposed the secular claims of the Church, which he accused of violation of the “world”, ensuring the normal functioning of the state. In the substantiation of the independence of the state from the Church, Marsilia Paduan proceeded from the concept of “two truths”, see dual truth, distinguishing between a few and otherworldly life, earthly happiness and eternal salvation as two autonomous areas.

Depolitizing the spiritual power and rejecting the claims of the dad to absolute domination, at the same time he carried out the desecratization of secular power, relying on the Aristotelian understanding of the state: the source of the latter is not God, but its goal is not salvation, but a “good life” on earth. Only religious and moral authority is recognized behind the church, and from the supranational legislative “community” it turns into a “community of believers”, joining the state as its “part”: the clergy is subordinate to the secular court, church jurisdiction is limited even in such issues as excommunication, interdicts above heretics.

The anticipating the ideas of the Reformation, Marsille Paduan opens against the “pereighing” of the church, requires its rejection of its accumulated wealth. Developing the theory of secular self -sufficient state, opposing the absolutist claims of not only the papal, but also imperial power, Marsilia Paduan nominated the concept of popular sovereignty, which declares the people more precisely, its most significant part - Pars Valentior as a source of political power and its highest authority.

In the framework of this orientation, he approached the idea of ​​the separation of the authorities - executive and legislative, subordinating the first in the person of the emperor elected by the people - the people's representative body, the “human legislator” Legislator Humana. Separating the political and legal region of the state from the moral and religious sphere of the Church, Marsilia Paduan develops secular philosophy of law, which establishes the independence of the “positive” law established by people from the “natural” moral law preinstalled by God.

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