Chaliapin Biography Report

Fedor Ivanovich Chaliapin was born in Kazan in the year. His parents were visiting peasants. Father Ivan Yakovlevich moved from the Vyatka province, he was engaged in unusual work for the peasant - he served as a squeak in the administration of the Zemstvo. And the mother of Evdokia Mikhailovna was a housewife. As a child, a beautiful discount was noticed at Little Fedi, thanks to which he was sent to the church choir to the singer, where he received the basics of knowledge of musical literacy.

In addition to singing in the temple, the father gave the boy to study the shoemaker. Having completed several classes of primary education with honors, the young man goes to work as an assistant clerk. Then, then Fedor Chaliapin will recall as the most boring in his life, because he was deprived of the main thing in his life - singing, since at that time his voice was experiencing a period of breaking.

So it would have walked along the hungry career of the young archivist, if one day he had not hit the performance of the Kazan Opera Theater. The magic of art forever captured the heart of the young man, and he decides to replace the activity. At the age of 16, Fedor Chaliapin, with the already formed bass, is listening to the opera theater, but with a bang fails it. After that, he turns to the dramatic team of V.

Serebryakov, in which he is taken to the position of statist. Gradually, vocal parties began to be entrusted to the young man. But in the dramatic entreprise, he does not linger for a long time and after a couple of months he is held by the chorist in the musical troupe of S. Semenov-Samarsky, with whom he leaves for Ufa. Chaliapin still remains a talented self-taught, which after several comically failed debuts gains stage confidence.

The young singer is invited to a wandering theater from Little Russia under the leadership of G. Derkach, with which he makes a number of first trips around the country. The journey leads Chaliapin ultimately to Tiflis now - Tbilisi. In the capital of Georgia, a talented singer is noticed by a vocal teacher Dmitry Usatov, a former famous tenor of the Bolshoi Theater.

He takes the full support of a poor young man and is engaged with him. In parallel with Chaliapin lessons, he works as a bass party performer at the local opera theater. The theater career in the year Fedor Chaliapin enters the Imperial Theater of St. Petersburg, but the severity that reigned here begins to rapidly burden it. By a happy chance, at one of the performances he is noticed by the philanthropist Savva Mamontov and lures the singer to his theater.

Possessing a special instinct on talents, the philanthropist discovers incredible potential in a young temperamental artist. He provides Fedor Ivanovich complete freedom in his team. While working in the troupe of Mamontov, Chaliapin revealed his vocal and artistic abilities. Its performance of the role of Mephistopheles in Faust Charles Guno is still reference. Subsequently, he will recreate a similar image in the Aria of Mephistopheles in the La Scala Theater, which deserves success with the world public.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, Chaliapin reappears on the stage of Mariinsky, but already in the role of a soloist. With the metropolitan theater, he touring European countries, falls on the stage of the metro-opera in New York, not to mention regular trips to Moscow, to the Bolshoi Theater. Surrounded by the famous bass, you can notice the whole color of the creative elite of that time: I.

Kuprin, M. Vrubel, K. Korovin, S. Rachmaninov, Italian singers T. Ruffo and E. preserved a photo where he is captured next to his close friend Maxim Gorky. In the year, Fyodor Chaliapin was especially distinguished by solo performances in which he sang romances and the folk songs “Dubinushka”, “along the Petersburg” and others famous at that time. All funds from these concerts the singer donated to the needs of the workers.

Such concerts of the maestro turned into real political actions, which later Fedor Ivanovich gained honor from the Soviet regime. In addition, friendship with the first proletarian writer Maxim Gorky secured the Chaliapin family from ruin during the “Soviet terror”. Recognition of the Soviet authorities. But in a new quality, the singer did not work long, since with the first foreign tour of the year he immigrated with his family abroad.

He did not appear more on the stage of the Soviet scene. The creative biography of Fedor Chaliapin is not only his vocal career. In addition to singing, a talented artist was fond of painting and sculpture. He also starred in the cinema. He got the role of Ivan the Terrible in the film of the same name by Alexander Ivanov-Gai, and he also participated in the filming of the film by the German director George Wilhelm Pabst “Don Quixote”, where Chaliapin played the main role of the famous wrestler with windmills.

Personal life with his first wife Chaliapin met in his youth, while working in the Entreprise Theater of Mamontov. The girl's name was Jola Tornagi, she was a ballerina of Italian origin. Despite the temperament and success in women, the young singer decided to tie himself with the bonds of marriage just with this sophisticated woman. Over the years of marriage, Iola gave birth to Fedor Chaliapin of six children.But even such a family did not hold Fedor Ivanovich from cardinal changes in life.

Being in the service at the Imperial Theater, he often had to live in St. Petersburg, where he started a second family. First, with his second wife, Maria Petzold Fedor Ivanovich met secretly, as she was also married. But later they began to live together, and Maria gave birth to three more children to him. The double life of the artist continued until his departure to Europe.

On tour, the prudent Chaliapin left for the entire second family, and after a couple of months five children from his first marriage went to Paris. These women became the keepers of the memory of the opera singer in their homeland. In the year, the old and sick Iola Tornagi moved to Rome, but before leaving, she turned to Minister of Culture Ekaterina Furtseva with a request to create a museum of Fedor Ivanovich Shalyapin in their house on the Boulevard.

On the last tour of the countries of the Far East, Chaliapin went in the middle of the X. It gives over 50 solo concerts in the cities of China and Japan. After that, returning to Paris, the artist felt bad. A strange picture of death in the year, doctors diagnosed him with an oncological disease of blood: Chaliapin remains a year of life. The great bass died in his Paris apartment in early April.

For a long time, his ashes were buried on French land, and only in the year, at the request of his son Chaliapin, his remains were transferred to the grave at the Novodevichy cemetery of Moscow. True, many historians consider the death of Fedor Chaliapin rather strange. And the doctors unanimously repeated that leukemia with such a heroic physique and at this age is extremely rare.

There is also evidence that after a tour of the Far East, the opera singer to Paris returned to Paris in a painful state and with a strange “decoration” on his forehead - a greenish bump. Doctors argue that such neoplasms occur with a radioactive isotope or phenol poisoning. The question of what happened to Chaliapin on the tour, and the local historian from Kazan Rovel Kashapov asked.

The man believes that Chaliapina “removed” the Soviet government as objectionable. At one time, he refused to return to his homeland, plus everything, through the Orthodox priest, provided material assistance to poor Russian emigrants. In Moscow, his act was called counter -revolutionary, aimed at supporting white emigration. After such a prosecution of return, there was no longer a question.

Soon the singer entered into conflict with the authorities. His book “The History of My Life” was printed by foreign publishers, and they received permission to print from the Soviet organization “International Book”. Chaliapin was outraged by such an unceremonious order of copyright, and he filed a lawsuit that obliged the USSR to pay him monetary compensation.

Of course, in Moscow this was regarded as hostile actions by the singer against the Soviet state. And in the year he wrote the book “Mask and Soul” and published it in Paris. In it, Fedor Ivanovich spoke in a harsh form in relation to the ideology of Bolshevism, to the Soviet regime and, in particular, to Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. In the last years of his life, Chaliapin showed maximum caution and did not allow suspicious persons to his apartment.

But in the year, the singer received an offer to organize a tour in Japan and China. And during a tour in China, unexpectedly for Fedor Ivanovich, he is offered to give a concert in Harbin, although initially the performance was not planned there. The local historian Rovel Kashapov is sure that just there, Dr. Vitenzon, who accompanied Chaliapin in this round, was awarded an aerosol cylinder with a poisonous substance.

The accompanist Fedor Ivanovich, Georges de Godzinsky, in his memoirs claims that before the performance, Vitszon examined the singer’s throat and, despite the fact that he found him quite satisfactory, “sprayed the menthol”. Godzinsky said that further tours took place against the backdrop of the worsening health of Chaliapin. In February, the year was the anniversary of the birth of the great Russian opera singer.

In the house-museum of Chaliapin on Novinsky Boulevard in Moscow, where Fedor Ivanovich lived with his family since the year, admirers of creativity widely celebrated his anniversary. Domestic singers. Petelin V. Fedor Ivanovich Chaliapin. Album-catalog from the funds of the GCTM named after Bakhrushina, prepared by the head of the department of history, ethnography and nature A.