Speransky biography is complete

Mikhail Mikhailovich graduated from the Vladimir Seminary, upon admission to which he received the surname Speransky from Lat. As the best student, Speransky was sent to the seminary under the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg and in the city of Speransky left the seminary and entered the service of the Prosecutor General’s office. Speransky received the rank of real secret adviser and took up the preparation of various state decrees and manifestos.

In the year, on behalf of Alexander I, Mikhail Speransky drew up a “note on the construction of judicial and government institutions in Russia”, in which he proved himself as a supporter of the gradual transformation of the autocracy into a constitutional monarchy on the basis of a thoughtful plan. In gg. Mikhail Mikhailovich served in the Ministry of the Interior. In these years, he wrote works that put forward him into a series of the first political thinkers of that time: “Reflections on the state structure of the Empire”, “On the Spirit of the Government”.

It was a draft reform that was supposed to be carried out from above and retained the autocratic power of the king. In the plan of Speransky, a slender system of central and local administration was developed, based on the principle of separation of powers - legislative, executive and judicial. Enforcement was introduced into the administrative and executive authorities, but participation in the management was provided only by persons who had a certain property qualification.

The highest administrative body was the State Duma, on the ground - respectively, provincial, county and volost Duma. According to the same principle, the executive authorities were formed.

Another supreme authority was also established to combine the activities of the legislative, executive and judicial authorities - the State Council, the legislative institution under the emperor. The members were not elected to him, but were appointed the emperor himself. In his reform, M. Speransky paid great attention to those who made up the managerial apparatus.

Almost one after another, decrees came out that clearly and firmly expressed the requirements of what employees in government institutions should satisfy. The law demanded the performers with the “experience and gradual passage of the service of those who were prepared, not entertained with minute motives”, in the words of the decree dated April 3 15, Alexander I recognized Speransky’s project “satisfactory and useful”, but some senators, ministers and other senior dignitaries considered it too radical and “dangerous”.

Alexander I went to meet their requirements, and the project was rejected. It was possible to implement only some parts of Speransky’s plan: on January 1, after a series of letters, Alexander I in Speransky was appointed Penza Civil Governor, and three years later became Governor-General of Siberia. The result of Speransky’s activity as the Siberian Governor General was the fundamental “Siberia Management Code”, in detail considering the device, management, legal proceedings and the economy of this part of the Russian Empire.

In the spring of G. Mikhail Mikhailovich was returned to Petersburg. After Emperor Nicholas I entered the throne, Speransky was a member of the Supreme Criminal Court over the Decembrists, and then led large -scale work on the codification of laws. Under his leadership, a complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire and a set of laws of the Russian Empire in Tomom was drawn up.

As a reward for this work, he received the Order of St. Andrew the First -Called. Speransky was also a member of a number of higher state committees; in gg. Speransky was buried in the Tikhvinsky cemetery now the necropolis of the arts of arts of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. The public movement in Russia under Alexander I. St. Petersburg,; Speransky M. Rules of the highest eloquence.

Under the scepter of Alexander I: projects of M. Lermontov Site map.