The connection of the biography of Chekhov

Life did not indulge Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. And childhood cannot be called prosperous, and in his student years it was necessary to constantly take care of the daily bread. And the first years, when he worked as a doctor, you can’t call it easy. But perseverance, hard work and feelings of humor - the qualities of character that helped to overcome adversity - was not to occupy Chekhov.

They, one might say, inherited him from the father of Pavel Egorovich. Yuri Aleksandrovich Bychkov, who devoted more than one book to the work and life of Anton Pavlovich: celebrating the writer’s anniversary, we must pay tribute to his ancestors, and especially to the father - Pavel Egorovich - a very sagn and endowed by numerous talents. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. The Czech family.

Photo by G. Egor Mikhailovich Chekhov - grandfather of the writer. Passionately wishing freedom, he managed to redeem the will long before the general liberation of the peasants. Hereinafter, the drawings of Chekhov’s nephew - Sergey Mikhailovich. The elder brother Nikolai Pavlovich Chekhov. Sister Maria Pavlovna Chekhova. The house where A. Anton remained in Taganrog for the owner.

From that moment he is the breadwinner of a ruined family. A sixteen -year -old gymnasium student gives paid lessons, sells property, domestic utensils on trifles, pays training for training, closes all kinds of debt obligations. The remaining, but by no means excess money sends a toilet family to Moscow. At the Taganrog mayor, Anton Chekhov got the right to a pension for himself at the time of study at Moscow University.

Under his guardianship and leadership - brother Ivan. He keeps up with everywhere. Reads a lot. Anton has a wide range of dating among adults with weight in society, which to this day is little known. The play “Unlocking” of Platons, which was written by eighteen -year -old Anton, is crowded, is saturated with problems, dramatic conflicts characteristic of adulthood.

Even in the years of Taganrog youth in Anton Chekhov, such qualities as organization, determination, responsibility, composure, will, inherited from their ancestors were manifested. And the roots of the genealogical tree of the Chekhovs go into the thickness of the Voronezh peasant chernozem region. The information about the determined, gifted, strong -willed ancestors - great -grandfather, grandfather, father of the writer - testify: there was someone to go to Anton Chekhov, there was something to inherit from worthy respect and admiration for his predecessors in the family.

It seems that this significant date is a good reason to turn to the origins, to the traditions of the family, who developed thanks to his father - Pavel Egorovich Chekhov and mother - Evgenia Yakovlevna, nee Morozova. It is no coincidence that all the brothers and sister of Anton Pavlovich were also gifted people, wrote stories, painted, loved and knew music. But in the mass consciousness, it has developed and continues to exist to this day an idea of ​​the father of the great writer as a tyrant and tormentor of his children.

The reason for this lies in the draws that made up the salt of intra -family relations, in irony, the mockery characteristic of Chekhov. The letters of Anton and his older brother Alexander slipped in the private lines of the elder brother of Alexander picked up incorrect commentators to his father, multiplied this and approved in the public consciousness. Which is extremely unfair.

That is why it is so valuable prepared for the publication “Pedigree A. Chekhov”, compiled by the nephew of the writer Sergei Mikhailovich Chekhov. This study is painted with a natural desire to inform the world, which is interesting to direct ancestors and in general all relatives of Anton Pavlovich. At one time, the first of the relatives began to compile the genealogy Mikhail Pavlovich Chekhov, who released the book “Around Chekhov” by the interruption of Mikhail Pavlovich in this place to recall how the distant ancestor, Pyotr Emelyanovich, with his restless character and indefatigability to Anton Pavlovich, is, and vice versa, and vice versa, and vice versa, and vice versa, and vice versa.

Being a famous writer, moreover, risking health, Anton Pavlovich goes to the scientific and humanitarian expedition to Sakhalin by rail, on horseback, on the water almost all of the cupid sailed! The motive of the trip is both for the other - selflessness, charitable aspirations. The narrative of Mikhail Pavlovich is extremely important for awareness of the fortress and significance of the “Chekhov root”.

The forerunner is his grandfather, Egor Mikhailovich. All of them are the fortress landowner Chertkov, whose grandson was later the closest like -minded Lev Tolstoy. The insatiable thirst for freedom forced our grandfather to be redeemed to the will long before the general liberation of the peasants. There wasn’t enough money for the ransom of Alexandra’s daughter, and, saying goodbye to the landowner, he convincingly asked him not to sell her to the side, but to wait until he had money and he could redeem her.

Chertkov thought, waved his hand and said: “So be it, take it in addition.” What was the price of the issue? What was the ransom from serfdom?

Yegor Mikhailovich paid his landowner rubles by banknotes, his three sons, his wives for his soul.How could an ordinary peasant get such a significant amount of money? There are assumptions that in addition to the stiffness, he was engaged in a latrine. One thing is undoubted: this amount is accumulated by long, hard work. It was possible to achieve a dream and achieve freedom only thanks to the exceptional willpower.

The way out of serfdom changed the fate of his children, predetermined the future of descendants. Several facts should be mentioned, spilling light to the question: where do the Czechs come from? The response was tried to give Sergey Mikhailovich Chekhov Anton Pavlovich’s nephew, carefully, who traced the branch from Yegor Mikhailovich carefully. The Chekhovs there, of course, are newcomers, from Great Russia, which proves their Russian speech.

No information about the early years of Yegor Mikhailovich has been preserved. From a young age, his father accustomed him to the stiffness, but at the same time he taught literacy, which helped him in his further life. At the age of about 25 years, Yegor Mikhailovich married a sixteen-year-old Ukrainian peasant Efrosinya Emelyanovna Shimko, originally from a hare, ten miles from Kantemirovka.

Anton Pavlovich emphasized in letters and conversations that he was a quarter of a crest. This “quarter” is certainly inherited from her grandmother, Efrosinya Emelyanovna. A year after the wedding, the first -born - Mikhail appeared in the family of Yegor Mikhailovich, and in the year Paul, the father of the great writer. Over time, Yegor Mikhailovich moved with his family to Zaytsovka, to his father -in -law Emelyan Shimko, having left the closest relatives in Olkhovatka, who later gave the large offspring of farmers.

The biography of Yegor Mikhailovich gives an idea of ​​a large -scale personality, a whole nature, a person of outstanding abilities and high dignity. There was someone to go to his grandson Anton Chekhov! What Yegor Mikhailovich did in the first years after the ransom is difficult to restore. It is undoubted only that he was very “mobile” - as the author of the “pedigree” writes - and he formed ties with the Azov cities, which gave him the opportunity to arrange his second twenty -year -old son Paul in the service of the Taganrog merchant and the mayor Kobylin and attribute him to the Society of Rostov bourgeois, to whom he himself was attributed.

Apparently, after that, Yegor Mikhailovich entered the estate of Count Platov Stri, located 55 kilometers from Taganrog on the Guzlov River, where he moved with his wife and youngest son Mitrofan. Quite quickly, Egor Mikhailovich becomes the manager of an immense estate, and after a few years the countess shifts him from his post and moves with a decrease to the Princess Management, twelve kilometers from a strong one.

By nature, Yegor Mikhailovich was very selfless, stubborn and cool. By virtue of this, he did not get along with the hostess, who appreciated his high qualities as a manager and still transferred Yegor Mikhailovich to the princess to keep away from himself. Endowed with organizational abilities and unusually strong will, Yegor Mikhailovich, strict and demanding of his subordinates, recovered for the slightest fault or negligence.

Thwilling in relation to the master's good was combined in it with exceptional personal honesty. He lived modestly, like a simple peasant, in a small hut, standing next to a large, always empty Barsky house. For many years of service, he did not accumulate anything to himself and did not leave the children any inheritance. His only capital was a small piece of land with a small house in Taganrog on the corner of Elizavetinskaya Street and Donskoy Lane, which he gave to his sons Paul and Mitrofan.

In the summer of the year, Yegor Mikhailovich in the prince was visited by grandchildren Alexander and Anton - at that time the students of the gymnasium. Grandfather was very friendly with them, smoked together and asked not to talk about this to their father and Uncle Mitrofan. The pages dedicated to the writer’s father, Pavel Egorovich Chekhov, are removed by many, if not all, the slander of the lendless commentators.

He gave everything to his children. From an early age, Pavel Yegorovich manifested inclinations to the arts. A ten-year-old boy, he studied singing by notes with the local clerk Ostap and soon began to sing in the church on the Church on the first disc, and when he was 13 years old, he studied the game on the violin from the Czech-Dyakon, who had arrived in the house of the Czech Regent.

Then he mastered the basics of drawing. Fifteen -year -old Paul learned to the law of God from priest Konstantin Ustinovsky, married to the daughter of the Olkhovatsky priest. The tenant of the Olkhovat Sugar Plant Girsch Pavel Egorovich studied sugar. Two years later, assessing the honesty of the young man, the tenant sent him to Moscow with a gurt bull for sale.

This is the first “case” of the already free Pavel Chekhov, bought by his father to the will of the year. Three years later, Pavel Yegorovich entered the service of the merchant and city chapter I. Kobylin, at first, probably, by the student, and then the clerk in the office part. Having served at Kobylin for 13 years, it seems due in advance, Pavel Egorovich opened his own small shop in the year, where gachelor and colonial goods were sold.In the same year, he transferred from the philistine class to merchant.

The preserved document regarding this translation says: “Based on the certificate of the Rostov philistine society, that the society of the philistines according to his estate, Chekhov, is not listed in the merchant title, since there are no duties on it and duties and the merchant 31 of the Taganrog Master, issued to him on December 31 of the year, is Paying them to those payable from the Baganrog of the merchant 3rd guild of capital in the guild of money, as well as seeing that he, Chekhov, at confession and St.

At first, the trade went well, which made it possible for Pavel Egorovich already in the year to receive a certificate of the merchant of the 2nd guild. However, he did not have attraction to trade as such. He paid his guilds only at the insistence of his wife, since in the future this could give his sons exemption from prolonged military service. All his genuine interests were focused on church services, arts and public affairs: he served in the city elections for a long time, did not miss a single celebration, not a single public dinner, which all local figures gathered, loved to repulsive.