Pig Afar Biography

For all other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, there are another 50 thousand Circassians. Plus: in almost all European countries and in the United States there are Adygo-Cherkess diasporas with their HASE self-government bodies and with their national-cultural centers. There are the Federation of the Circassians of Europe, the International Circassian Association. The author of the reviewed book on business business trips and as part of ethnographic expeditions visited Adyge Hase in France, Luxembourg, Belgium, Holland, Germany and in all countries of the Middle East.

Even years ago, for the story, a small period of Adygh lived only in the North Caucasus, in their historical homeland, and if they met in the above countries, then units. The answer is known to everyone who at least “satisfactorily” knows the domestic history: they ended up there as a result of a policy of violent deportation pursued by the tsarist administration during the Caucasian War and after its completion in the year.

We will not go into this question further, because it is not included in the topic of our article. We reminded the above numbers so that the reader has an idea of ​​what is hidden under the concept of “Adyghe world”. It is vast and diverse as the world of any big people. The work of Asfar Kuke “Golden dew” is valuable that it is devoted to the description, more precisely, the study of the Adyghe world, and here, in the historical homeland, and abroad.

Of course, he does not begin to describe all aspects of the life of the Circassians. This is unbearable to one person. As a genuine investigation, he clearly defines the subject of his study. Each exile - Adygure - wanted to take the most expensive with him. In one village they took with them from their native focus of coals. Having placed them in a kettle and supporting with oak branches, they brought them to a new place of residence and there they made fire there.

From this fire they lit their foci of Adyghe in a new place. Another fire that supported the Circassians in a foreign land was their culture. The author writes: “There was also the general that they were able to transport and preserve, the common price, the price of which is not the spiritual wealth of the people: legend and legends, parables and fairy tales, proverbs and sayings - the whole spectrum of folklore.” It is this side of the life of the Adyghe world that the author makes the main subject of his study.

The author collected more than a hundred cassettes with unique field materials. The Adygs living in Germany created a special fund at Adyghe Hase, who repeatedly sponsored expeditions of scientists to Turkey and the Middle East. A lot of works are devoted to Adygs, including foreign ones. One of the latter is the capital study of Samir Hotko “The History of Cherkessia.

The Middle Ages and the New Time ”Publishing House of St. Petersburg University, G. In it there is the head of the Circassian diaspora in modern times. In it, the author pays the main attention to the socio-political successes of foreign Circassians. They are especially impressive in Turkey and in the Middle East, where Adygs appear to the generals, prime ministers, mayors. But for obvious reasons, he does not affect what A.

Kuke did the subject of research: the spiritual and cultural mentality of foreign Circassians. He begins his analysis with the language of the Adyghe diaspora. This fact is striking: in Israel, Yugoslavia, Jordan and Syria, Adygs basically retained their language. They also have schools in which they study their native language. But in Turkey, the author "did not meet the young Circassians who spoke their native language." This is explained by the fact that until recently, Türkiye pursued a special national policy to “overwhelm” all the peoples living on its territory.

Recently, the situation has changed: even in universities of some cities, the Adyghe language began to be studied. Moreover: many Turks and Kurds express a desire to learn the Circassian language. The next cultural “coordinate”, which is traced by the author in the Adyghe world, is Adyge Hube. The author writes not only about how and to what extent the Adyghe Khabze is observed by the diaspora, but also about the variety of forms and methods with which it is promoted and supported.

The pipe in his book reproduces three parables of Radjep Tlekhuch: “Woman, do not cross the way to a man”, “Innocent before God and people” and “Love each other”. There is everything here: fascinating stories about the past, about good and evil, about the importance of preserving the language presented to us by the Almighty, about traditions, Hubza ... ” Adyghe Habze is a difficult cultural phenomenon of the Circassians.

This is ethics and etiquette, it is a philosophy of life, it is a system of values. An in -depth conversation about this phenomenon of the author with his brother, known throughout the Caucasus, a talented poet and writer Nalbius Kuke, is presented at the end of the first chapter. We will not delve into it so as not to get away from our topic. Let us pay only attention to what the author noted from foreign Circassians.

Although to varying degrees, they observe the rules of Adyge Hube, and the influence of these rules is clearly noticeable. This influence distinguishes the Circassians from local residents. One old Arab is so characterized by the difference between the Circassians and the Arabs: “You, Adygs, look like an old oak. If the wind flows, you consider it necessary to withstand it.The wind is stronger than you, and you persist, you will stand until you break or will be torn from the root.

And we, Arabs, are not like that, we look like grass: the wind will blow - we bend, and the wind flies further, then we straighten again. ” The wise Arab does not talk about who is worse, who is better; He speaks, expressed in a modern way, about different mentality, about different types of people. The book contains parables and myths - “Throw the Stairs to the Road”, “Riders who jumped over the fortress walls”, “Arab’s matchmaking”, etc.

They are told by the author of the Adyghe Diaspora, they are these parables and myths - an integral part of their culture. From Syria, the author turns his eyes to Moscow, to the Moscow Adyghe community. It draws attention to how difficult young Adygs have to be affirmed in Moscow, and on the example of Kazbek Gonezhuk shows what is happening with their national identity, with their mentality.

The young Muscovites distinguish from young Muscovites, mature, like Ahmed Shazzo, standing tightly on their feet and helping many fellow tribesmen not only in Moscow, but also in Adygea. The largest number of Circassians in Turkey. Therefore, this country is given the most attention in the book. The author characterizes different Adyghe auls in Turkey, presents the reader of their specific inhabitants.

We feel the national aura of these auls, the cultural appearance of their inhabitants. Then the author goes to the Adyghe auls and to the Adygs of Israel, Syria. A separate chapter “Jordanian Studies” is devoted to the Adygs of Jordan. In this country, there are especially many socially advanced Circassians. Here are generals, ministers, advisers. The mother of the former king Jordan Hussein is Cherkeshenka.

Meeting with different exchanges, the author comes to the conclusion: “They remained more than us than we! In the work of A. Kuke, all existing forms of integration of the Circassians of different countries are considered. In addition to cultural and ethnic integration, there are other forms of unity, among which a special place is occupied by the return of the Circassians to the historical homeland.

The author, claiming that we did not succeed with the immigrants, that his decision was connected with many difficulties, and that "if the leaders of Kabardino-Balkaria, Adygea and Karachay-Cherkessia have combined their efforts ... then it would be possible that success would come." The case with the immigrants is finally confused when the bureaucracy with its bureaucracy intervenes in it.

I recall my personal communication with immigrants from Kosovo, who live near the city of Maykop, organizing in the allotted place the aul "Mafahabl" - "Happy Aul". The meeting took place in the year when I worked as an adviser to the head of Adygea. At the request of the immigrants, I went there, taking with me an official from the ministry dealing with the arrangement of the inhabitants of the Happy Aul.

Two things surprised me. The first, pleasantly surprising, culture of these people, their household neatness and moral purity. In particular, none of them consumes alcohol and does not smoke. Religiosity is at a high spiritual level. The second, unpleasantly surprising side, their lives overshadow simple, but not resolved issues of housing and communal services and transport.

I remember that the most acute was the question with a route bus where children could go to school in Maykop. There is no school in the village, and to Maykop more than 10 kilometers. It was surprised that these acute problems have existed for several years. After the meeting, the official and I discussed the issues raised by immigrants and outlined the ways to solve them.

Two weeks later, I called him to find out how the decisions made were being implemented. It turned out that nothing was realized yet. To my perplexed question, the official replied: “If all that they ask, to do it right away, then they will invent something all the time.” I do not remember the surname of this bureaucrat, but if I remembered, I wouldn’t call it anyway.

He doesn’t express his position he does not have it, for there is no appropriate culture-he expresses the position of his bosses, his ministry. He was forced to report to the affairs of immigrants and the behavior of officials to President Adygea, Council of Council Khazret Medzhidovich. He helped the immigrants disinterestedly and on a huge scale. I don’t know how the issues of residents from the “Happy Aul” were resolved, because soon, the bureaucrats, pestered by the bureaucrats, left his post.

A year later, Moscow officials “ate” the president himself, because in terms of moral level, he exceeded them to many steps. It is known that the black crow does not tolerate the black crows. Here I go to another thought of the author of the book in question. At first, those moments of his books in which he speaks of the Maykop bureaucracy seemed unnecessary and unnecessary to me. They do not deserve to write about them.