The biography of the formidable date
Vasnetsova, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow, WWW. He was one of the most educated people of his time, possessed phenomenal memory, theological erudition. The king contributed to the organization of printing in Moscow and the construction of the Blessed Vasily Church on Red Square. After the death of his father, 3-year-old Ivan remained in the care of his mother, who died in the year, when he was 8 years old.
Ivan grew up in an atmosphere of palace coups, the struggle for the power of the Boyarsky clans of Shuisky and Belsky. Murders, intrigues and violence surrounding him contributed to the development of suspicion, revenge and cruelty in him. The favorite idea of the king, already conscious in his youth, was the idea of unlimited autocratic power. In January, in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin, a solemn wedding at the kingdom of Grand Duke Ivan IV took place.
The signs of royal dignity were assigned to him: the cross of the Life -giving Tree, Barma and Monomakh hat. The tsarist title allowed to take a significantly different position in diplomatic relations with Western Europe. The princely title was translated as a “prince” or “great duke”. The title of “king” was either not translated at all, or translated as an “emperor”.
The Russian autocrat, thereby, rose on a par with the only emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in Europe. Since the year, Ivan IV has held a number of reforms aimed at centralizing the state. In the year, he began the Livonian war for mastering the coast of the Baltic Sea. Initially, military operations developed successfully. By the year, the army of the Livonian order was finally defeated, and the order itself ceased to exist.
However, already in Russia has suffered serious defeats. The king began to look for the "guilty", opals and executions began. In the year, he announced the introduction of an oprichnina in the country. This period in the history of Russia was marked by the conduct of extraordinary repressions, the confiscation of feudal property and lands in favor of the state, the struggle of Ivan the Terrible with the alleged treason among the boyar-queen nobility.
In addition, the country was “divided” into two parts: territories that were not entered in the oprichnina began to be called Zemshchina, and each oprichnik took an oath of allegiance to the king and obliged not to communicate with zemstvo. With the help of guardsmen who were exempted from judicial liability, Ivan IV forcibly confiscated the boyar estates, passing them to the nobles-pakes.
The executions and opals were accompanied by terror and robbery among the population. The division of the country adversely affected the economy of the state. A huge number of lands were ruined and devastated. She actually stopped her existence of the oprichnin in the year. Since the year, the king stopped executing. In the testament of the year he repented of his deed.
The periods of repentance and prayers were replaced by attacks of rage. During one of these bouts in November, the king accidentally killed his son Ivan, falling into his temple with an iron tip in his temple. The death of the heir plunged the king into despair, since his other son, Fedor Ivanovich, was unable to rule the country. Ivan the Terrible died on March 18 28 in Moscow.
The new Russian king was his third son Fedor. Persons of the day March 17: - Gotlib Daimler German engineer, designer and industrialist.