Retelling of the biography of Kuprin

The distinctive features of his works became clearly defined plot lines, a thorough drawing of characters and the background of events, which makes the writer one of the unsurpassed masters of realism. The childhood and youth of Alexander Kuprin was born Alexander Kuprin on August 26 on September 7 in Narovchata northwest of Penza-a small district town, which has now lost this status.

Ivan Ivanovich Kuprin, a small official from hereditary nobles, and his wife Lyubov Alekseevna Kulunchakova, who came from the impoverished Tatar princely kind, was the sixth and the last child. Three older brothers and sisters Alexander died in infancy. In the year, when the future writer was barely fulfilled a year, his father died of the plague, and the family was left almost without a livelihood.

In the year, L. Kuprina moved with children to Moscow. There, at the expense of the treasury, she managed to arrange older daughters in the boarding house, but she herself settled with her son in the widow of the house. Two such institutions created for the maintenance of the poor spouses of civil servants and their children were at that time in Moscow and St. Petersburg. In the year, at the age of six, the boy was given to the Moscow Razumovsky boarding house for orphans, and the childhood of Alexander Kuprin ended.

In the year, he began his studies at the 2nd Moscow Military Gymnasium, and in the year he was admitted to the Alexander Military School, which produced infantry officers. After graduating from him in the year, the young man received epaulets of the second lieutenant and began the service in the Mon of the Dnieper Infantry Regiment, stationed in Proskurov, Podolsk province.

Having served mature years for four years, Kuprin realized that the army path was not for him, and resigned.

This was also facilitated by an unsuccessful attempt to enter the Academy of the General Staff. Immediately at the end of the service, Alexander left for Kyiv, but he did not stay there and moved to Odessa less than a year later, and then to Sevastopol. Having no education or a profession suitable for life outside the barracks, A. Kuprin naturally could not gain a foothold somewhere in one place.

The accident helped. The novice author met I. Bunin - at that time already a famous writer with extensive ties in literary circles. It was Bunin who helped Kuprin find the first permanent place of work. Alexander began to work as a secretary in the St. Petersburg Scientific and popular publication "Journal for all." A low position also meant a small income, but there was enough salary for a modest life.

The main thing, Kuprin had time for his own literary creativity, which soon began to bring very tangible fees. In the year, Alexander Kuprin and his family moved to Gatchina, a cozy small city near St. Petersburg. But the calm life did not last long - August has come, the First World War began. The retired officer could not stay away from what was happening.

A small hospital was deployed in his house, the writer himself was repeatedly printed in the press with calls to fellow citizens to actually subscribe to military loans, bringing the victory of Russian weapons. At the end of the year, Kuprin was mobilized into the army, where he received the post of commander of the infantry company in the militia. Its part stood in Finland.

In the summer of the year, the writer was demobilized due to health reasons, and he returned to the family in Gatchina. Kuprin accepted the change of power in Russia and the renunciation of the throne of the Romanov dynasty with great enthusiasm. Almost immediately after the revolution, the writer turned to V. Lenin with a proposal to establish the newspaper "Earth" specifically for the peasantry.

Lenin liked the idea, and he approved the undertaking, but the project “Lalked under the cloth” on the table of the head of the Moscow Council L. soon Kuprin was disappointed in the new government. When a civil war began in the country, and the whites occupied the Gatchina, the writer signed up for them as a volunteer and, in the rank of lieutenant, edited an army newspaper.

After the victory of the Bolsheviks, he emigrated. The first years after leaving his homeland, Kuprin lived in Finland, and then, when anti -Russian sentiment intensified there, he moved to France. Alexander Ivanovich continued to write in exile, but he failed to achieve any significant success. Kuprin's family was in poverty, and he himself in an attempt to cope with severe depression was looking for comfort in alcohol.

Alas, the drink undermined health, but did not help. After several years, the thought of Kuprin decided that it was time to return home. In the year, through the Soviet envoy, he turned directly to I. The return of the great Russian writer was considered to the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All -Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and received almost unanimous approval.

In Leningrad, he was allocated an apartment in a new house, but the writer's days were already numbered. Creativity The first experiments of the future classic in literature were noted in adolescence, during studies at the gymnasium. Kuprin's work began with the lyrics, but the first big book of verses remained not published. The young man was lucky with prose: the first story of the summer Alexander, entitled “The Last Debut”, was released in the year in the journal “Russian Satiric Leaf”, but then there was a significant break to - GG.After the resignation, Kuprin practically stopped writing for a while, absorbed in the care of survival, but with the receipt of stable work he resumed literary activity.

In the second half of the x. The peak of the literary career of Alexander Kuprin came at the very beginning of the 20th century. In the year, the story “The White Poodle”, which became a classic of children's literature, was published in the year, “Gambrinus” was printed in the year, dedicated to the writer's memories of life in Odessa. In the year, the story “Duel” was published, which became one of the most famous works by Alexander Ivanovich and turned out to be a real event in the cultural layers of the capital, causing numerous discussions.

In the same years, several more works were written, deservedly become famous - “Grenade Bracelet”, “Liquid Sun”, and stories about animals. In the year, the story “Pit” came out, which became the most contradictory work of the writer for contemporaries of A. Kuprin. In it, he described the life and morals of a brothel - so naturalistic that the story was thrown with critical reviews, and the police removed the first circulation from the sale in connection with accusations of pornography.

The attempt to publish in German also ended, and the publisher in Germany was generally brought to criminal liability. In the year, Kuprin moved away from the usual realism and wrote the story “Star of Solomon” filled with mystical images. In it, Alexander Ivanovich creatively rethought the classical story about Mephistopheles and Faust. In exile, A. Kuprin continued to work productively: in - gg.

But, despite the volumes of the written and benevolent responses of critics and readers, Kuprin against the backdrop of a difficult financial situation and a shaken health began depression and a creative crisis. He could not truly return to literature and after coming to his homeland. Despite the numerous samples of the pen in the near -humidity direction, the genre that glorified the writer became critical realism.

The ideas of romanticism were alien to him. In each of his work, Alexander Kuprin tried, first of all, to reproduce the mores and life of the surrounding society as much as possible. From real life, not only details were taken, but also plots, which, of course, were creatively processed. The careful transfer of the nuances and details was the main talent of the writer. The family and personal life of Alexander Kuprin was the first wife of the writer in the year, the summer Maria Karlovna Davydova, the stepdaughter of the famous cellist K.

Brak, in which Lydia’s daughter was born, did not last long. In the year, Kuprin left his wife to the family of the Davydov daughter of the Hungarian emigrant Elizabeth Moritsevna Gainrich. Kuprin managed to get a permit for divorce from the first spouse only in the year. Two more daughters were born in this union - Ksenia, who became an actress, and Zinaida, who died three years from pneumonia.

Elizaveta Kuprina survived her wife for four years and ended herself in the year in the blockade Leningrad. The only grandson of Kuprin Alexei Egorov, who was born with his daughter from Lydia's first marriage, died young from the wounds received at the front soon after the end of the Great Patriotic War. The writer has no direct descendants. Death even before the decision on the return of Russia Kuprin thoroughly undermined his health with excessive alcohol consumption.

Following, vision problems began. The writer really hoped that the return from emigration to his native land would help him recover and return to a full -fledged creative life, but a miracle did not happen. A year after returning, visiting a military parade on Red Square, Kuprin returned to Leningrad with pneumonia. During the examination, doctors found him a cancer of the esophagus in an inappropriate stage.

It was oncology that caused the death of Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin, which came on August 25. The famous writer in St. Petersburg was buried, on the writer's bridges of the Volkovsky cemetery, next to I. Bibliography of Alexander Kuprin.