Brief biography of Barclay

Representatives of the ancient Scottish family of Berkeley Op Golly Barclay of Tolly left the UK for political reasons. In the second half of the century, Peter Berkeley settled in Riga. This family gave Riga several burgomasters. A number of Barclays de Tolly began to pronounce this surname so after moving to Riga became the Russian military. The officer was the father of the commander Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly.

It was traditionally believed that the future military Minister and Field Marshal Mikhail Barclay de Tolly was born on December 16 on December 16 on the Pamushis estate now-the territory of the Lithuanian Republic, but other versions are also found in historical literature. Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly, such a name Dali the future commander at birth was brought up in St.

Petersburg, and in the Russian manner became called Mikhail Bogdanovich. He entered the military service at the age of 14, spent two years in the lower ranks, and was promoted to cornets in the year. In the M century, M. Barclay de Tolly participated in the Russian-Turkish and Russian-Swedish wars, in battles with Polish rebels. For the manifested courage, he was repeatedly awarded orders.

In the year, having served over 20 years by that time, he received the rank of major general. In the year, Mikhail Barclay de Tolly distinguished himself in the battle with Napoleon under the Provisish-Elau: by commanding the division, for some time he withstood the onslaught of the large forces of the Napoleonic army and gave the Russian army the opportunity to take a convenient position.

After this battle, Barclay de Tolly was promoted to Lieutenant General. Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly distinguished himself again during the war of the year: in winter, the Barclay de Tolly corps crossed the Kvarken Strait and joined Sweden, which forced the Swedes to enter into negotiations and give the Russian Empire to Finland to Great Autonomy, which included its currency and parliament, so control over the Finnish The territory was needed by the Russian Empire only to ensure the safety of St.

Petersburg. After the victory, Barclay de Tolly was promoted to infantry generals, and in the year he became a military minister. Being a military minister, Mikhail Barclay de Tolly prepared the army for the war with Napoleon: he achieved an increase in its number, carried out the reform of the troops, created military intelligence as a structure, developed a plan that provided for a strategic retreat with the subsequent defeat of the enemy.

During the Patriotic War of the year, Barclay de Tolly commanded the 1st Western Army, and after its unit near Smolensk with the 2nd Army, he led all the troops opposing Napoleon to advancing to Moscow. The forced retreat caused the dissatisfaction of part of the Russian military, political and economic elite, the king appointed the troops of the new commander - M. reproaches against Barclay reached the accusations of treason, the commander was sharply perceived by his condemnation by the public.

In the battle of Borodino, M. Barclay de Tolly commanded the right wing of the Russian army. In historical literature there is a version that the general deliberately sought death, recklessly going under fire. Under it, 5 horses were killed or wounded. In the General’s General's General, wearing the Order, Barclay de Cold, Colly and skillfully restrained Napoleon’s attacks.

The commander was confident in the correctness of his tactics and at the military council in Fili spoke out for the further retreat and abandonment of Moscow. At the end of September, the commander was sent on vacation, during which he wrote a long letter to Alexander I with an excuse for the substantiation of his actions. In the year, during the foreign campaign of the Russian army, Barclay de Tolly commanded the 3rd Army, for some time was the commander of the United Russian-Prussian Army, then fought under the command of the Austrian Field Marshal.

Participated in a number of battles. In the spring, after the capture of Paris, he was awarded the title of Field Marshal. After the end of the war, in the m year, M. Barclay de Tolly was appointed commander of the 1st Army. In the year, Alexander I granted him a princely title. In May 14 26, Barclay de Tolly died on the way in Prussia, he rode to treat mineral water resort.

The body of the great commander was transported to Riga, where the solemn funeral service passed, Mikhail Barclay de Tolly was buried in the family estate in Livonia now-the territory of Estonia. Many years after the death of Barclay de Tolly, a kind of “rehabilitation” of the commander condensing the public in the year began. In the year, A. The poet described the lady of the commander and his injury about him about him: the people mysteriously saved by you cursed over your sacred gray hair.

Now, historians recognize the great contribution of M. Barclay de Tolly to the victory during the Patriotic War of the year. The commander was awarded a number of Russian orders, including the Order of St. George, all four degrees, Russian golden sword with diamonds, English sword with diamonds, orders of Prussia, Saxony, Netherlands, France, Sweden, Austria and Great Britain.Back in the Month, the figure of Field Marshal Mikhail Bogdanovich Barclay de Tolly was placed among the most significant figures in Russian history among the most significant figures in Russian history.

Now the streets of a number of Russian cities are named after Mikhail Barclay de Tolly, in the year the Central Bank of Russia released a coin with a portrait of M. Barclay de Tolly. Alexander Gurin.