Biography of Alexei Nevsky

The expulsion of the prince Alexander of German knights from the Koporye and the wrapping of the fortress. The victory and cessation of the German Drang Nach Osten. The birth of the daughter of Evdokia. The return of Alexander to Novgorod. Prince Alexander receives a label “on Kyiv and the whole of Russia” along with Novgorod. Twisting with the heir to Batu Khan Kalge ​​Sartak. The landing of Prince Vasily Viceroy on the Novgorod table.

Negotiations of Grand Duke Alexander in Pskov and Novgorod with the ambassadors of the Livonian Order. Confirmation of a peace treaty of the year. Lithuanian raid on Russian lands and their defeat by the Toroptsy. The birth of the second marriage of the son of Demetrius, the future prince of Pereyaslavsky, Novgorod and Grand Duke Vladimir. In Novgorod, an uprising flashes against the prince-prince of Vasily.

The expulsion of the latter to Torzhok. The Grand Duke Alexander hurries to the aid, suppresses the uprising, executes the instigators. Prince Vasily returns to the Novgorod table. The Grand Duke Alexander expels the Swedes and breaks all their fortifications. Alexander’s campaign on Tavastov Em to South Finland. Leaving Novgorod, the Grand Duke appoints the governor of his son Vasily.

In the Great Horde, a decision was made on the universal census of the population of Rus' and the collection of taxes. Prince Vasily joins the rebels. Grand Duke Alexander arrives in the city with the army. He suppresses the uprising, executes the instigators, imposes disgrace on his son Vasily. He runs to Pskov from his father's wrath. Alexander no longer allows his son to govern the state.

He lives in Vladimir. The Lithuanians, led by their Prince Mindovg, rebelled against the rule of the Livonian Order. Grand Dukes Mindovg and Alexander participate in the negotiations.

The Union is directed against the aggression of the Livonian order. At the head of the troops-9-year-old Prince Dimitri Alexandrovich. The capture of the strength of Derpt and the return to Novgorod with the victory. Magdeburg gates were brought as a trophy. Folk uprisings against Tatar Baskaks and Rosters. According to the later sources, Prince Alexander sends letters to the cities, in which he calls for “Buvati Tatars”.

The Grand Duke Alexander prepares a spiritual letter, according to which he gives away the destinies to his sons: Demetrius - Pereyaslavl, Andrei - Gorodets, Daniel - Moscow. The eldest son Vasily is deprived of the inheritance. The conclusion of the Treaty of Peace and Trade with Riga, the Livonian Order, Lyubec, the island of Gotland. The Grand Duke manages to pour the Russian people from trouble.

The serious illness of Prince Alexander and the return to Rus'. Before his death, he accepts the schema with the name Alexy. The tombstone of the solemn speech of Metropolitan Cyril and a miracle with a spiritual letter. Pskov and Novgorod had to defend the northwestern borders in the most difficult times for Rus'. In March, Alexander Nevsky approached Pskov with the army.

The caused by surprise, the Teutonic Order left his Pskov garrison without reinforcement. After the short siege of Pskov, Pskov was taken by the favorite technique of Alexander Yaroslavich - the “exile”, i.e., one of the main advantages of Alexander Nevsky as a commander was the speed of decision -making and the speed of their implementation. After the Pskov Victory, Alexander decided to transfer military operations to the enemy territory, speaking with his troops to Izborsk and further in German lands the territory of modern Estonia.

Alexander turned his troops east to the shore of Lake Peipsi. The choice was dictated by strategic and tactical calculations. In this position, Alexander Nevsky with his shelves cut off the enemy all ways to approach Novgorod, thus finding himself in the very center of all possible enemy routes. Probably, the Russian military leader knew how 8 years ago, on the waters of the Emba river, his father, Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, broke the knights, knew about the advantages of the battle with the heavily armed knights in winter conditions.

Alexander Nevsky decided to fight the enemy on Lake Peipsi, north of the Uzmen tract, near the island of Voronius Kamen. About the famous "Ice Battle" has reached us several important sources. On the Russian side, these are Novgorod annals, the Pskov annals and the “Life” of Alexander Nevsky, from the Western sources - the “rhymed chronicle” is unknown.

From the Pskov 3rd annals: “In the summer, Alexander the prince beat the Germans in Pskov and the city of Pskov saved from the godless foreigners of the Germans with the help of the Holy Trinity. And fought with them on ice; And God advised the prince Alexander and the husbands of Novgorodians and the Pskovs, beaten, tied up, caught his hands, and led barefoot on the ice 1, and there was a great joy in Pskov.

And Alexander Pskovs says: “This is the verb: if in the end of my fellow tribesmen or who comes to sorrow or come to live in Pskov, and not take him, and do not honor him, and the second Jew will be called up.” The second half of the XIX century. An engraving on the illustration for the Niva magazine for almost years, grateful Pskovs have revered this legendary person. His name is immortalized on the map of Pskov.Much of the glorification and perpetuating of the memory of the commander was done in the pre -revolutionary Pskov: three chapels were built in memory of the prince, a chapel at the Trinity Cathedral, house churches at the male gymnasium and a prison castle, in the city of other times in Pskov, for example, all cultural institutions, for example, stopped the existence, for example, all cultural institutions stopped, for example, the existence of cultural institutions, and all cultural institutions stopped, associated with the name of the great commander, and above all, the regimental church of Alexander Nevsky.

There was no mention of the name of Alexander Nevsky and on the pages of guidebooks in Pskov, who published in the 10th. The largest victory of the Russian troops in the ice battle was also silent. Moreover, in the guidebook of the Pskov authors N. Platonov and V. Bogusevich “Modern and Ancient Pskov” at the end of the xg. Under these conditions, the ice battle again became an event of historical pride, and Alexander Nevsky became the most popular person, a national hero.

The appeal to the heroic pages of the past began to be actively used in the summer of G. So, the Military Council of the Army of the 3rd Baltic Front released a special leaflet “will free Pskov from the fascist yoke” with an appeal to fighters and officers. It said: “The glorious warriors of our army! Here is an old Russian city, glorifying itself as a centuries -old heroic struggle against German invaders.

Our ancestors, the Pskovites and Novgorodians, led by Alexander Nevsky, were defeated in the Miracle Lake of German dogs-people in the year. This ice battle forever glorified the power of Russian weapons ... ". In the first post -war years in Pskov, attempts were made to perpetuate the glorious, dates and events of the past, primarily related to the victory in the ice battle and the name of Alexander Nevsky.

Interest in this heroic page remained high for several years. Named in honor of Alexander Nevsky Date.