Suvorin Alexey Alekseevich Biography

Text: Arseniy Zamnoyanov, deputy editor -in -chief of the magazine "Historian" he was dubbed by the guardian. Alexey Suvorin was both a skeptic and a Fronder - all this is characteristic of him. The enemies called him a reactionary, a chain dog of autocracy. But these definitions do not at all exhaust the character of an outstanding journalist and a prolific writer. It is too complex and contradictory.

And it is not connected tightly to any conjuncture. Suvorin hated not only political opponents, but also those who, for lack of their own, cannot stand someone else's success. He was not stingy with public statements: he wrote and printed a lot, loved the theater and knew stage success as a playwright. And to everything-he also kept a diary by which it was obvious that Suvorin was certainly not a fanatic of any idea.

Approximately the middle of the x, Vissarion Belinsky and Mikhail Katkov - correspondence political opponents - established journalism in Russia as a political instance, as the fourth power. They raised a reader ready to swallow long and serious software articles. But such readers always vime in. Suvorin built and headed the seal industry, which created and destroyed reputations, set the ideological tone in the country, and enlightened.

Suvorin created the largest Russian daily newspaper. The circulation of the "New Time" reached 70 thousand - with the population of Moscow, one million. Around the "New Age" - both books and popular city annuals. Among the key authors are Chekhov, Burenin, Menshikov, Rozanov is not at all like -minded people. And Chekhov can not be called a guard or retrograde. And they were friends with Suvorin, their correspondence to that guarantee.

What competent person in Russia did not know the newspaper "New Time"? And every foreigner, interested in Russia, knew not only about the existence of this newspaper, but also about its position. At that time, the popularity is unprecedented. Here it is, a Russian dream that does not fade in front of the Hollywood: the poor Voronezh cadet, the peasant son becomes the support of the throne, a millionaire, the first journalist of the empire.

He was, perhaps, the most entrepreneurial of Russian writers. Alexey Sergeevich Suvorin, however, the rise of the Suvorin began in the year when a mountain of bloody bodies interfered on the Borodino field “Nuclei from flying”. Soldier Sergei Suvorin, like thousands of his comrades, was then injured. He survived, returned to the army and soon became an officer, spent even to the hereditary nobility.

He did not make stone chambers, he did not get out of need, but managed to give his son an education. Although they had no books at home, except for the Gospel.

For Alexei, the desire to join the literature was especially sweet - as a forbidden fruit. In the Cadet Corps, Alexei Suvorin firmly realized: his calling is literature. He grabbed book wisdom on the fly and well -stole his own thoughts on paper. He tried to quickly switch to civilian service, began to teach. It is easier for the teacher to communicate with muses than an officer.

In Voronezh, Suvorin entered the circle of Ivan Nikitin. The poet of the provincial common people, and part-time-the holder of the inn composed the song that all of Russia knew, and we still recognize ourselves in this song: "He was riding from the Yaru-bucket fair." He was both a patriot and a freethinker. The young teacher became attached to these bearded wit, to the hopped disputes, to magazine novelties and tattered books.

Suvorin will forever remain in literature and journalism, and the beard, which meant belonging to the democratic front, will turn under Alexander III as a sign of official well -being. The advertising strip of “New Time” of May 5, with the announcement of the first performance of “moving photography” - a symptographer in St. Petersburg, he began as an essayist, who showed, among other things, the inside of Russian life.

He wrote feuilletons, pamphlets, including against Katkov, who was later considered the forerunner of Suvorin. Of his many pseudonyms, the most famous was - a stranger. Suvorin was recorded in the leaders of the “Russian conservative thought”, they took him a frame and a shelf in the library. The words "guardian" Suvorin was not shy. But the stereotypical, satirical attitude to this course will not explain anything in the personality of Suvorin.

There is a caustic formula of Saltykov-Shchedrin: “Keep and not let go! But such a perception was both incorrect and unfair. After the reforms of the X, autocratic ideology in Russia did not correspond to reality. The king was no longer the master of the Russian land. The political role of large owners grew. Among them, we see both representatives of the merchant estate, and foreign, and relatively few enterprising nobles.

Under Peter the Great, there was an idea of ​​the duty of the nobility to society, but after X other springs and gears were required. Nikolai Nekrasov, is not a guardian at all, but the mentor of Suvorin in terms of literary enterprise, determined this line: “The great chain was torn of the new merchants - foreign bourgeois. The business circles of Russia then are mainly foreigners or Old Believers.

And those and others cannot be considered the support of the throne.Russian Old Believers are an oppressed layer, and their old resentments are not overcome. You look at some merchants - here it is, the salt of the earth. But if you look around - they are not the winners, they do not really believe in themselves. The beards were fraught with, university science surpassed, traveled Europe, but did not become stronger.

Suvorin understood the flimsy of a new way of life based on private property, on loans and advertising. By the way, he himself felt in this atmosphere as a fish in water. It was even more clearly that the deed of self -egoist is egoist, the state for him is not a value, and patriotism is at best conscious service, and more often - a screen for a shackle with thieves' officials. Russian thinkers for no reason sought a “philosopher's stone” in the communal way.

Suvorin seized the bankruptcy of the system long before the First World War, although not without enthusiasm he commented on the reforms of the beginning of the twentieth century, believed that the Cathedral Spirit would revive in the convened state Duma. He hoped that Russia, without stripping, without a great fire, would adopt to the pace of the twentieth century, will be re -reflecting technically and politically.

Without the collapse of the Empire, without the war of all against all. Suvorin developed simple methods of struggle for his own ideals: work, energetic work, conquering information and public space. New readers, new associates, open talents, strong allies on the noisy Olympus, these aspirations will turn to dust after a year to which Suvorin did not live. Suvorin and General S.

In those years, the distribution of the printed word in Russia was limited not so much by censorship and economic lack, but illiteracy. Millions of potential, but so failed readers - this is the tragedy of Suvorin, a thinker, tuned to a conversation with millions. He understood that the idea of ​​a great power turned into a fiction without mass enlightenment, and the unity of the diverse Russian people could be fragile when the “storm” flows.

Suvorin did not wear pink glasses for the past. He proved to himself that Russia is a country of great opportunities, and we do not need a borrowing image of an “American dream”. But the laurels of complacency did not crown him. He left the heirs a large, debugged business, but he was overwhelmed by anxieties under his old age. Success did not hypnotize him.

The view of the publisher of Alexei Suvorin and the Partnerships of A. Abrikosov’s Sons Partnerships on Nevsky Prospekt in St. Petersburg, the year of the twentieth century began with the Cosyma catastrophe and uprisings in Krasnaya Presnya and throughout the country-and for the successful newspaper Suvorin, these were tragic milestones. Judging by that time by the painting of Serov or the architecture of Shekhtel and Kekushev - a refined and prosperous silver age is obtained.

But Suvorin saw the wrong side of the then “developed capitalism”, saw that the spirit of destruction wins, and the powers that be in this one fall into smitherances, then into complacency. Yaroslavsky Station in Moscow. Architect F. Photo: The Auction House "Old Paper" in the monarchical circle Suvorin was distinguished by positivism, on the verge of atheism. He was not much about the mystical depths, he - like many liberals and socialists - believed in mass enlightenment, in technological and social progress.

By the way, it was these foundations that brought him closer to Chekhov. He believed that much can be fixed by acting in the public in a word. Young Suvorin-the first feuilletonist of Russia-reasoned in Fonvisian caustic: “Be in appearance honest and vile inside. Here is a brief program for success. ” He met the careerists, and enthusiastic readers had no doubt that this progressive journalist hates the “entire royal army” to the last city.

Mature Suvorin chose tsarist service precisely in those years when public opinion put a cross on “well -intentioned”. Few believed that you could go from rebels to the guards not out of selfish motives. Vasily Rozanov is not the most objective commentator, he and Suvorin sailed in the same boat, and yet we will listen to his assessment: “He accepted countless insults, took the fierce howl of the whole press on himself, took the mud clusters flying on him from the crazy and deceived youth, if not fallen youth, obscuring from the urams of meanness and vulgarity, the sick body of Russia.

Suvorin’s wounds are the wounds of the Russian bodyguard. ” Perhaps Rozanov is too pathetic and too sensitively speaks of his cartridge. Suvorin did not strive for the righteous and was more than a winner than a sufferer, and transferred the contempt of “progressive circles” with enviable composure.