Chekhov is the shortest biography

Chekhov Anton Chekhov created a new type of drama and turned the previous ideas about what theatrical art should be. The childhood and youth of Anton Chekhov The future writer was born on January 17, 29 years in the south of Russia, in Taganrog, in a large merchant family. The head of the family, Pavel Egorovich, sold grocery goods. He was a pious man, but a cool temper, and his five sons and daughter began to work early.

From five in the morning they sang in the church choir, and in the evenings they guarded their father's shop. At the age of eight, Chekhov entered the Taganrog gymnasium, which today bears the name of the writer. It was here, within the walls of one of the oldest educational institutions of the South of Russia, that young Anton Chekhov began to write stories and even acquired the first of his many pseudonyms - Antosha Czechont.

The young gymnasium player passionately loved literature and scene: he published a humorous magazine, participated in the home performances of his friends, did not miss the productions of the Taganrog Theater. In the year, when Chekhov was only 16 years old, his father went bankrupt, sold his property and left with his family to Moscow. Anton remained in Taganrog to end the gymnasium. He lived with the former tenant of his parents and earned a living by private lessons.

In the year, Chekhov entered Moscow University. He chose the profession of a doctor and has plunged into medical practice since the year - he began to help doctors of the Chikinsky hospital in the Moscow Region Resurrection of Istra. In the same hospital, Chekhov continued to work after graduation in the year of the university. Then the young doctor moved to Zvenigorod and for some time headed the local hospital.

The formation of Anton Chekhov as a writer in the year on the pages of the satirical magazine “Dragonfly” appeared the first printed story of A. Chekhov, entitled “Letter to the Academic neighbor”. Chekhov wrote a lot and quickly, and this debut was followed by publications of short humorous stories and feuilletons in various Moscow and St. Petersburg publications. At the beginning of the X miniatures, Chekhov went out under the various pseudonyms of Antosh Chekhont, a man without a spleen, etc.

Soon, the Chekhov “grew” feuilletons, vaudevili and humoreses. From the second half of the X themes, his works became more serious, the author was increasingly occupied by the tragedy of everyday life. In these years, Chekhov’s interest in everyday life originated, that special “absence of Chekhov’s prose” began to appear, which many critics would subsequently celebrate. By the end of the x.

A collection of stories in Twilight in the year was awarded the Pushkin Prize of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The first serious dramatic work of A. Chekhov is the play “Ivanov”. The stories of the end of the X combined in themselves an impassive description of the insignificant events of everyday life and the deep tragedy of "wanting to sleep" in them.

Writing. Chekhov’s work in the year Chekhov went on a trip to Sakhalin, which lasted almost a year. The writer drove through all of Siberia, lived on the island for several months, communicating a lot with its exile inhabitants, conducted a census of the population, and then returned home by the sea. According to Chekhov himself, a trip to Sakhalin had a huge impact on his worldview and his work.

Upon the return of Chekhov, for five years he worked on the book “Island of Sakhalin” - travel notes in which from detached descriptions and statistical data grew an inexpressible horror of the author before the lawlessness, humiliation and poverty of convicts and their families. Stories about the life of prisoners and scenes of cruel bodily punishment are interspersed in a book with detailed statistics of diseases that the population of the island suffered, and ethnographic notes on the indigenous people of Sakhalin Ainam.

In the year, a monument was erected at the local house-museum. Two Moscow years were marked by communication with many writers and artists. In the work of Chekhov, in these years, interest in a special type of dramatic action was more and more, or rather, a kind of inaction. Contrary to the traditions of the dramatic genre, in the center of Chekhov’s plays were not critically changing the life of the heroes of the event, but everyday little things.

The Chekhov Theater is the life of heroes, unimportant dialogues, a slowly developing action, behind which the deep lyricism and complex experiences of the Chekhov characters, their disunity and insoluble internal conflicts are hidden. The heroes of Chekhov often “do not hear each other”, their dialogs scatter into separate remarks, the combination of which creates a bizarre semantic game - sometimes comic, and sometimes tragic.

The interpretation of these remarks, the penetration into the psychology of the characters and the comprehension of the internal conflict, the impassive playwright leaves the reader and the viewer. Such a construction of works became innovation not only for Russian drama, but also for the Russian theater: a new conflict and methods of expression required changes in the type of stage action and approaches to production.It is no coincidence that the first critics of Chekhov reproached his plays of plotry, excessive protractedness, weakness.

Only with the arrival of K. Stanislavsky and V. Nemirovich-Danchenko the new artistic language of Chekhov, his lyricism and the special internal movement of his plays were interpreted on the stage.

Chekhov spent the years of his life in Melikhov not only in literary, but also in public work. He continued private medical practice, fought with a cholera as a sanitary inspector, took part in the affairs of the zemstvo, built schools, and was engaged in charity. The writer and doctor, public figure and private person coexisted in his nature. Family and personal life, despite difficult childhood and youth, Chekhov always felt unity with his big family.

Over time, the brothers and sister of Anton Pavlovich became his ally in the field of literature and art. The elder brother Alexander became known as a prose writer, publicist and memoirist. He rotated in Moscow literary circles, published in humorous magazines in his youth and made Anton a lot for the literary career. The son of Alexander was the famous actor and director Mikhail Alexandrovich Chekhov.

Another writer’s brother, the artist Nikolai Chekhov, illustrated Anton's humor in satirical magazines. Ivan Pavlovich, the youngest of the brothers, was a famous Russian teacher, a folk teacher, great authority in the field of education. Mikhail Pavlovich Chekhov became famous as a writer, literary critic, editor, publisher of children's magazines, translator, first biographer and researcher of the work of his famous brother.

Chekhova’s sister Maria Pavlovna much survived all her brothers. She created Chekhov’s house-museum in Yalta and devoted many years to the collection, storage and study of the heritage of Anton Pavlovich. The personal life of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was not easy. In his youth, he was often fond of women, started novels, but it did not reach marriage. In the year, the writer met Olga Leonardovna Knipper - the actress of the Moscow Art Theater, on the stage of which the plays of the already famous playwright were staged by that time.

In the year, Chekhov and Knipper made a marriage, but they almost always lived separately: Olga - in Moscow, where she played on the theater stage, Anton in Yalta. Only occasionally Chekhov came to Moscow to his wife, but in separation he wrote to her many tender and funny letters full of love. Late years at the end of the year. Chekhov, who was more and more manifested by the symptoms of tuberculosis, bought a house in Yalta and moved to the sea.

In the Yalta cottage, where subsequently Chekhov’s sister Maria will open the writer’s museum, all the most important works of later years were written, including the plays “Three Sisters” and “Cherry Garden”. In the year, by decree of Emperor Nicholas II, the writer was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav of the 3rd degree, and with him the nobility, in the year he became an honorary academician in the category of elegant literature of the Russian language department and the literature of the Academy of Sciences.

In the year, Chekhov, along with V. Korolenko, will refuse this title in protest against the tsarist decree on the exclusion from the number of academicians Maxim Gorky. The disease and death of Chekhov, apparently, Chekhov fell ill with tuberculosis in childhood or early youth. He, as a doctor, made a diagnosis to himself. Often there were exacerbations, and from a year the writer suffered from bleeding from the right light and steadily weak.

His health was undermined by a difficult childhood, a difficult journey through Siberia and Sakhalin, heavy medical work and huge emotional stress. Since the end of the 10ths, Chekhov's disease has steadily progressed. In the year, the writer left for the German resort Badenvaleler to be treated from consumption. There on the night of July 2 on July 2, the death of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov occurred.

According to his wife’s memoirs, before his death, the writer asked for a glass of champagne and sent for a doctor, in the presence of which he clearly and confidently pronounced the last words: “Ich Sterbe”. The writer’s body was delivered to Moscow by train and, with a large gathering of the people, was buried in the Novodevichy cemetery. The bibliography of the works of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov are recognized by the classics of world literature and translated into a hundred languages.

His plays have not been leaving the scenes of theaters for more than years, and the influence that he had on drama and theatrical art is recognized as one of the most significant in the 20th century. The writer became the author of more stories, stories and plays, not counting the many feuilletons and humor. We list the most famous of them.