Shukhevich biography nationality

Roman Yosipovich Shukhevich; June 30 - March 5 - Ukrainian political and military leader, head of the OUN B since the year and the commander in chief of the Ukrainian rebel army of the UPA from January to his death in the year. In the years, he served in the armed units of the Third Reich: he was deputy commander in the Nachtigal special forces, since November he was deputy commander of the guard police battalion in a rank corresponding to the rank of captain.

The early years was born on June 30 in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria of Austria-Hungary in the town of Krakovets Krakovets of the Yavorovsky district according to other sources-in Lviv, in the family of a county judge. Uncle Shukhevich in the year was collected by the 4th brigade of the Galician army. The ancestor of his father, Ivan Shukh died in the year came from the village of Rosvada in Lviv.

The son of Ivan Shuha is a rural priest Eustachius - called himself Shukhevich.

Radekhov, and then in Kamenka-Zerumilov, where his father worked as a civil judge. There he graduated from 5 classes of the gymnasium. In the year, he continued his studies in Lviv in the Ukrainian gymnasium now the Lviv Academic Gymnasium, which he graduated in the year. Nationalist sentiments were born and strengthened as a result of his communication with Evgeny Konovalets, the creator and head of the Ukrainian military organization of the UVO, who during the years rented a room from the Shukhevichs.

In his youth he was a member of the scout organization "Plast" - until it was prohibited by the Polish authorities. In the year he joined the UVO. At the end of the gymnasium - according to some sources in the years he went to Danzig, and entered the Danzig Polytechnic Institute, while studying at the illegal intelligence school under the protection of the Germans; According to other sources, he lived in the city of Kolomyia of the Stanislavsky region.

S for Shukhevich, he studied at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of the Lviv Polytechnic Institute, after which he received an engineer diploma. During his studies, he was a member of the Student Society of Chernomorye, was repeatedly elected by a delegate of student congresses and congresses. The chairman of the Ukrainian sports club. The activity of the Diva was reduced mainly to four forms: acts of sabotage of arson, damage to telephone and telegraphic communication, placing bombs, “expropriation” of property and political killings.

Sobinsky in Lviv. In years, he was involved in various anti -Polish actions, oversaw school education in Western Ukraine. B, with the creation of the OUN, became one of its first members. In the summer-autumn, he organized and led the anti-Polish sabotage action: arson of buildings, houses of colonists, the destruction of the harvested hay, the destruction of police sites. B - was a technical organizer of several attempts at Polish officials and an employee of the Soviet consulate A.

Milov - as a revenge for the Holodomor in Ukraine. B was arrested for contact with the attackers in the post office in the city of Gorodok and participation in anti -Polish student performances. For several months it was kept in prison, but was released. In immediately after graduating from the institute, he worked for some time in the construction company Levinsky on the street.

Pototsky 58, and then, together with another Ukrainian nationalist B. Tchaikovsky, contained the Bureau of the Fama advertisements on the street. B was arrested by the Polish authorities after an attempt on the Minister of Internal Delrobronislav Peratsky. During the Lviv process over Stepan Bandera and a group of his supporters, he was sentenced to 4 years in prison. In the year, he was released within the framework of universal amnesty and went to Germany.

He went through a training course at the Munich Military Academy and received the first German officer rank. Before the start of the Barbarossa operation, after the section of Czechoslovakia, as a result of the Munich agreement, Shukhevich illegally switched to Transcarpathian Ukraine occupied by the Hungarian troops, where he took part in the creation of the Carpathian Sich, taking the post of chief of staff nickname Schuke.

After the occupation of the Carpathian Ukraine by the Hungarian and Polish troops, according to some sources, he moved to Yugoslavia, where his uncle lived, according to others, returned immediately to Germany. In the fall of the year he moved to Krakow, where the OUN center operated. The leadership of the OUN, who maintained contacts with the German intelligence agencies since the time of the time, sent Shukhevich to Danzig to organize a connection with the OUN forces in Polish territories.

With the outbreak of World War II, and after the surrender of Poland, Shukhevich and his subordinates move to Krakow. To this end, in-in the Neuhammer camp under the Lynitz Nazis, a battalion of eight hundred people mostly prisoners of war, who served in the former Polish Army, was created, was created, armed and trained-the so-called Ukrainian legion, consisting of two battalions: “Nightingale”, in which Shukhevich was responsible for political and ideological work with personal work with personal work with personal work the composition of both combat training, and "Roland".

In Krakow, Abver, special courses were organized, where the most gifted nationalists took place in the depth of various disciplines - R. Shukhevich and Y. Stetsko were among the “examiners”.At the same time, Shukhevich led the actions of the OUN on the border marginal lands of the Governor General with the mixed Polish-Ukrainian population. According to Colonel Abwehr Alfred Bizanz, in the year Shukhevich was an instructor at the Abwehr diversion-reconnaissance school in Krinitsa Poland.

In the spring of the year, he studies at the highest military command courses for the leaders of the OUN-R organized by Abwehr. Holds the position of deputy commander of the Ukrainian Legion, formed in the city Brandenburg this formation is also mentioned under the names of the Ukrainian legion named after Konovalets, Ukrainian Legion to them. Bandera - according to OUN B or the Nachtigal battalion - according to Abwehr.

The leadership of the OUN B expected that after the “liberation” of Ukraine by German troops from the Bolsheviks they would be allowed to create their own independent Ukrainian state, the likelihood of this was repeatedly indicated at the highest Nazi level. The Ukrainian legion, according to the plan of the leadership of the OUN B, was to become the basis of the army of the new Ukrainian state under the leadership of the OUN b.

On the night of June 29-30, the battalion was the first to enter Lviv. Having reached the Brigid prison, they saw that all the arrested who were in prison were killed by NKVD employees. Among them is the brother of Roman Shukhevich. The battalion captured strategic points in the city center, including the radio station, from which the act of restoring Ukrainian statehood was proclaimed.

According to the historian Vitaly Maslovsky, the Nachtigal battalion took part in the mass punitive campaign in relation to the city’s population - the destruction on pre -drawn up lists of the Polish and Ukrainian intelligentsia see. According to the materials of the working group, including the leading historians of the Institute of the History of Ukraine, the accusations of the Nachtigal battalion are based on evidence fabricated in the GDR and the USSR against the head of the battalion Theodore Oberlander.

According to Ukrainian historians, the personnel of the battalion was sent into weekly dismissal, and all shares against various segments of the population were the result of the actions of German diabetes and the crowd provoked by them, which, however, consisting of the vast majority of the same Ukrainian nationalists, self -organized into a peculiar “people's squads”.

Some witnesses claimed that among the pogroms there were disuited employees of the Nachtigal battalion, and historians noticed that the fact of the output of the battalion from the city does not mean its indifference in the pogroms. However, such an act was not supported by the German leadership. Their many attempts to achieve the support of the "Union Great Germany, the Ukrainian state under the leadership of the leader Stepan Bandera" were not satisfied.

Hitler did not see the prospects of the appearance of such a formation. In mid -September, both were arrested and at the beginning of the year they were placed in a specialized Barak of the Prosenhausen concentration camp, where various political figures from the Nazis occupied by the Nazis and territories were already. After a week of stay in Lviv, Shukhevich, along with the battalion, left the German troops further to the east.

In early September, in the location of Sonderkmando, Feldpost in Zhitomir Shukhevich is negotiating the sending of Nachtigal to the rear of the Soviet troops. At the end of September, these negotiations continue in Kyiv, but the Germans do not agree with a similar proposal. In the fall, the battalion is sent back to Lviv and then to Germany to 7-month courses, where it was combined with another Ukrainian unit of the OUN-R-detachment of Roland-and then at the end of the year as a guard battalion, he was transferred to Belarus where it was used to fight partisans in more detail Schuhevich came to lions to visit the family.

For 9 months of stay in Belarus, according to his own data, the “Ukrainian Legion” The Security Battalion destroyed more Soviet partisans, having lost 49 people killed and 40 wounded. At the end of the year, the entire personnel of the battalion refused to extend the contract for service in the German army, in connection with which it was disarmed, disbanded and sent back to the Governor-General.

Historian John-Paul Khimka notes that the topic of actions of this formation in Belarus requires study in relation to his participation in the Holocaust. A number of sources indicate that upon returning to Lviv, Shukhevich was delayed by the Gestapo, like other officers of the battalion, but was released. Swan, who led the organization after the arrest of S.

Bandera, decided to intensify activities and the beginning of the armed struggle. Despite the calls of M. Stepanyak, the head of the OUN on the West Ukrainian lands to deploy a wide armed uprising against the invaders, most of the conference members supported Roman Shukhevich, according to which the main struggle was not to be directed against the Germans, but against the Soviet partisans and Poles.

The struggle against the Germans was supposed to be waged, based on the interests of the OUN and have the nature of the self -defense of the Ukrainian people. From January 27, under the name of Lieutenant Colonel Taras, Chuplynka headed the Ukrainian rebel army, replacing Dymra Klyachkivsky in this position [25], although in official documents until the end of summer his position was indicated as well.

He retained the post of commander in chief of the UPA until his death. According to the Documents of the SD, Schukhevich, who was captured by the MGB bodies, had a connection with the lieutenant colonel of the German intelligence service of Abverkomande Zeliger. An attempt to create a less subordinate OUN B Political structure of the NVRO National Liberation Revolutionary organization was brutally suppressed by Shukhevich at the end of the year, and its organizers were killed.

Bandera return to Ukrainian territory for a number of reasons. Ukrainian historian Anatoly Tchaikovsky gives a quote from appeals to the partisans of Shukhevich of that time “not to intimidate, but to exterminate! Do not be afraid that people will curse us for cruelty. Let half of the 40 million Ukrainian people remain-there is nothing terrible in this ”in the year he tried to make contacts with the Soviet authorities and begin peace negotiations in order to reduce the negative consequences of the confrontation in the West Ukrainian region, but for some reason he stopped contacts.

In the year, the remnants of the underground OUN B under the leadership of Shukhevich continued partisan actions in the territory of the Lviv, Ternopol and Ivano-Frankivsk regions. In the first half of July, in the Ilovsky Forest of the then Drohobych region, he held a meeting on the basis of the Lviv regional leadership, led by Zinovy ​​Tershakovets Fedor. In July-August, he flew from Stanislav to Odessa, accompanied by a coherent “Anna” and was treated for a month and a half in the clinic of the Lermontov resort.

Shukhevich used fake documents a military ID in the name of Yaroslav Vasilievich Polevoy. In June-July of the year, he repeatedly flew to Odessa, where he was treated in the same resort institution with the same doctors. In addition to using a fake military ID in the name of Polevoy, Shukhevich used fictitious documents for the names of other persons, for example, Maxim Stepanovich Orlovich.

Using the intra -chamber implementation of the MGB Rosa agent, it was possible to find out the exact address at which another assistant Shukhevich was located. As Pavel Sudoplatov writes in his memoirs, the MGB General “Drozdov demanded that Shukhevich lay down a weapon - in this case he was guaranteed life. In response, an automatic queue sounded. Shukhevich, trying to break through the encirclement, threw two hand grenades from the shelter.

A shootout ensued, as a result of which Shukhevich was killed. ” According to another version, during the search, Shukhevich, hiding on the site of the stairs, shot from the shelter of Major Revenko, after which he rushed down and was shot dead with an automatic burst.