Kareev biography briefly

He was born on November 24 of the old style of G. Kareev’s parents were nobles, but did not differ in great wealth. The grandfather of the future historian, Vasily Eliseevich, received the general rank in military service. Father - Ivan Vasilievich - also began his career in the army ranks, however, having been injured during the Crimean War, he was forced to switch to the civilian field and later served as a number of cities in the Smolensk province.

The mother of N. Kareeva, Ekaterina Osipovna, had the name of Gerasimova in girlhood. Parents cared about his son, giving him an initial education at home, which consisted of reading, letters of the foundations of mathematics, French language and basics of geography. To continue the training of Karev, he was given to one of the Moscow gymnasiums. To arrange him there, his mother and father had to sell part of her property.

Young Nikolai immediately stood out with talents among classmates, became the first student, and at the end of the course received a gold medal. In the same gymnasium, Vladimir Solovyov, the son of the great Russian historian Sergei Solovyov, studied with Kareev. Later, Vladimir Solovyov became famous as one of the largest and most original Russian philosophers. Having completed the gymnasium course, Kareev entered the historical and philological faculty of Moscow University, where he listened to lectures by Vladimir Solovyov’s father, Sergey Mikhailovich, and other outstanding scientists-for example, M.

Kutorgi and V. already in summer Kareev published his first printed labor “The phonetic and graphic system of the ancient Hellenic language”. At the University, Kareev initially entered the Slavic-Russian branch, however, carried away by the lectures of Herje, three years later he moved to the historical one. There Kareev was especially interested in the theme of the Great French Revolution.

One of its main reasons was the difficult situation of the French peasantry. The young historian began to collect materials on this issue, which remained for the long time one of the central topics of his scientific research. Being a student of Kareev collaborated in a number of magazines: in the Voronezh “philological notes”, “knowledge” and some others. Kareev completed his studies at university B and was left at the department for preparation for a professor’s rank.

Along the way, he worked as a history teacher in the third Moscow gymnasium. In Kareev, he presented the work on the French peasants of the 18th century at the master's exam - and defended himself with brilliance.

This early work of him was awarded a high rating even in France. Kareev received a foreign business trip with the aim of compiling a master's thesis. It was called the “peasants and the peasant question in the last quarter of the eighteenth century” and was protected by the author in the material for the dissertation of Kareev gathered in the National Library and the National Archive of France.

In Kareev, as an invited, third-party teacher, he read a course of history of the XIX century at the Historical and Philology Faculty of Moscow University. In the fall, he moved to Poland belonging to the then Russian Empire and was fully listed as an extraordinary professor of Warsaw University. From there, Kareev again received a foreign business trip - for writing now not a master's, but a doctoral dissertation.

Showing an increasing inclination to sociological research, Kareev gave her the name "The main issues of the philosophy of history." This work was protected by him at the University of Moscow, but in the novelty of the ideas expressed earlier caused a number of polemic remarks. Parling the objections, Kareev published the book “My Critics” by Warsaw, at the beginning of Kareev returned to Petersburg, where he received the department at first in the Alexander Lyceum, and a little later - at the university and at the highest female courses.

He acted as one of the founders of the Historical Society of St. Petersburg University. Soon Kareev was elected as his chairman and editor -in -chief of the scientist of the Society - “Historical Review”. Staying in Warsaw aroused a long -term interest in Polish history at Karev. He devoted a lot of works to her: “Essay on the history of the reformation movement and the Catholic reaction in Poland”, “Historical Essay of the Polish Sejm”, “The Fall of Poland in Historical Literature”, “Polish Reforms of the XVIII century”, “The reasons for the fall of Poland” along with research on the topic of the French Revolution, Polish history became the second main topics of the scientific surveillance of Kareev.

The third topic was historiosophical and sociological theories. “The main issues of the philosophy of history”, “the essence of the historical process and the role of personality in history”, “philosophy of the cultural and social history of the new time”, “historical, philosophical and sociological sketches” and a number of others are devoted to him. Before the revolution, Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev was famous as the author of exemplary gymnasium and university history courses.

His "Training Books" on the history of antiquity, the Middle Ages and the New Age are published on our website. Before the revolution, the “Training Book of Ancient History” Kareev was published nine times, the “Educational Book of the History of the Middle Ages” - ten, and the “Training Book of the New History” - sixteen.They were transferred to Bulgarian, Polish, partly to Serbian.

Kareev’s textbooks are not out of date, markedly surpassing the quality and quantity of material by Soviet and modern Russian school aids. Multi -volume university lectures of Kareev were published under the name "History of Western Europe in New times." This publication has gained high scientific authority. Part of it is published on our website - and for the first time in the format of recognized text with modern spelling.

The rest is supposed to be published in the very near future. The G. in the autumn in the famous pre-revolutionary encyclopedia Brockhaus-Efron Kareev acted as the editor of the historical department. In addition to scientific work, he took an active part in social activities: he was one of the leaders of the Great Guide Society for the needy writers and scientists and the Society of Guidelines to students of St.

Petersburg University. The cover of the book of Nikolai Ivanovich Kareev “Letters to students about self -education” as a professor of this university, Kareev during student unrest demanded the resignation of his rector. For this reason, in September, the government removed him from teaching at the university and at higher women's courses. However, Kareev continued to give lectures at the Alexander Lyceum, and C - and at the St.

Petersburg Polytechnic Institute. In him he was elected to the St. Petersburg City Duma. With the beginning of the Revolution, Kareev, who had long established himself as a liberal, joined the intellectuals-montionists. Gorky, A. Peshekhonov, V. Myakotin, I. Gessen and others. Svyatopolk-Mirsky, trying to prevent a possible skirmish of the people with troops.

This deputation was included in N. Svyatopolk-Mirsky, and another famous minister, S. Witte, said that the case did not concern him. After the bloody Sunday, January 9, Kareev underwent day arrest in the Peter and Paul Fortress. Being a supporter of the liberal constitution, he joined the Cadet Party, at one time he was even the chairman of its city committee and a deputy of the First State Duma.

In the Duma, Kareev, in his own words, hoped to "protect the rights and dignity of a violent human person." But he soon moved away from active politics, realizing that "he was not born for a political career." He returned to Kareev to the University of St. Petersburg and again completely surrendered to his scientific work. At the beginning of the First World War, in the summer, Kareev fell into German captivity, staying in it for five weeks.

Kareev’s attitude to events was contradictory. The Russian liberals of the beginning of the 20th century, and in particular, many cadets, were distinguished by a large leftist and in the Duma period easily went to cooperate with socialists and radicals. In the first and second thoughts, the cadets often supported socialist projects of socialization of the Earth and acted with a sharp opposition to the right statesman Stolypin.

Like many other cadets, Kareev did not change his excessively liberal views even in the face of that terrible anarchy that opened in Russia after the February Revolution, a characteristic episode in this sense introduced into his “March Seventeenth” A. The revolutionary impressions of one of the main heroines of the epic, Olds of Andozersky, were transmitted by Solzhenitsyn as the chapter: “...

Revolutionary storage is transmitted Cover the leading professors. Professor Grimm became a comrade of the Minister of Education and was in charge of the affairs of higher education. Now with a cucumber - and in three days - all professors who took the ex -appointment, and not elections, were quit - at least there were talented specialists. So the famous eye socket was fired Professor Filatov ...

Professor Bulich persuaded his colleagues to look for new forms of communication with listeners, while he himself with Professor Grevs was in a hurry to give a visit to the former rather nonsense, but to the liberal minister Ignatiev. Karsavin and Berdyaev have already signed up to compile the history of the liberation of Russia - they also did not see liberation, but already compile!

Yes, Berdya, hastily, irresponsibly, almost all shone in a row. According to Dostoevsky: "At first the republic, and then the Fatherland." The library of the Academy of Arts opened the Society of the Decembrists' memory - and together with the revolutionaries, Repin, Beklemishev, Gorky met there, began a popular subscription to the monument and called the professors to familiarize the masses with the ideas of the Decembrists.

To what it was all disgusting, and to which everyone rushed to the wrong direction! But what else was separately penetrated by Andozersky in their other democrats: they actually carried only a subtle raid of egalitarian ideas-and in the caches of consciousness they retained the motto of mental pride, intellectual aristocraticism, and-in fact-contempt for ink.

And now - they were learning. During the break of one meeting, Olda Orestovna hoped to take her soul with Kareev.She knew how he always could not stand these student political strikes, lifting classes, unprincipled revolutionary anniversary ... She spoke - and immediately did not find the language: not the revolution of the Karev vinyl, but, supposedly eternal, Russian idleness, an abundance of religious holidays before, which always prevented us from accumulating cultural and material values.

And these skills of slave times of Russia are now supposed to be mechanically transferred to Russia. Olda Orestovna Odled. And this one was from our best professors and the best experts in Western revolutions ... ”After October, Kareev, unlike many other prominent Russian scientists, did not emigrate abroad, but remained in the Soviet state. In mid -September, he, along with his whole family, was subjected to Bolshevitsky to arrest in the estate of a relative, Zaitsev Smolensk province, but five days later he was released.

In the communist era, Kareev continued his scientific activity, although the new government over the years prevented her more and more. The Communists stopped reissulating the work of the scientist. Kareev took the opportunity to give lectures. His situation still worsened on the eve of the Stalinist “Great Fracture” - along with the courts over the “bourgeois” technical specialists “Shakhty business and others.