Biography of Henry 4

Sons: [2] Louis, Nicholas, Gaston daughter: [2] Elizabeth, Christina-Maria, Henrietta-Maria Mother Henry was a convinced Calvinist and raised her son in the Protestant faith, but Henry's father served at the French court and was a Catholic. Even in his youth, Henry went into Catholicism, but after the death of Antoine de Bourbon, he returned to the religion of his mother. Subsequently, he more than once had a chance to change religion.

Henry lived at the French court, and in the city of Catherine Medici decided to arrange a marriage to Henry with her daughter Margarita, who was supposed to put an end to the enmity between two batches. However, six days after the wedding, the massacre of the Huguenots, known as Bartholomew’s night, took place. Henry miraculously survived only due to the fact that he agreed to go to Catholicism.

He never loved his wife, not particularly hiding his connections with lovers from among the court ladies. However, Margot answered him the same. For four years, Henry lived in the Louvre on the position of a noble captive. By the end of his reign, he managed to quarrel not only with the Protestants, but also with Catholics, and first of all, with the leaders of the Catholic League Gizami.

Meanwhile, Henry Navarre and the king joined his efforts against the rebels and besieged Paris, but during the war Henry III was killed by a religious fanatic. Before his death, he declared Henry of Navarre as his successor, and on August 2 the Huguenots proclaimed him the king of France. However, in fact, the rebellion was continued by Karl Mayensky.

The army of Henry was small, and he was forced to lift the siege from Paris and strengthen in the tour, which for a long time became his residence. In order to attract Catholics to his side, Henry refused to grant new rights to the Huguenots, leaving only those that were given to the former king. Henry himself participated in it and, according to eyewitnesses, showed remarkable courage.

The Catholics Army was exterminated and Karl Meyensky fled without a retinue. Henry, however, was in no hurry to join Paris. Soon Karl Bourbon died, and the Catholics did not have a single contender for the throne. The war lasted several more years. However, the Spanish troops of the Duke of Parsky moved towards him from the Netherlands, and Henry was forced to retreat.

Karl Meyensky called the General States to elect a new Catholic king. The only legal contender for the throne was Henry Navarre, but he was a guugenot. Of the same Catholics, at least some rights were only among Isabella of Spanish, the granddaughter of Henry II, but to put a woman on the French throne was extremely difficult.

Meanwhile, Henry once again announced his transition to Catholicism, while saying that later became the famous phrase: "Paris is the Mass." During the war years, Henry proved himself as a brave warrior, a smart and far -sighted politician, and used sympathies among a significant part of the French. As soon as the Parisians learned about the return of Henry to the bosom of the Roman Church, they hastened to greet him as his king in Saint-Denis, despite the prohibitions of Karl Meyensky.

By February G. Henry was solemnly anointed at the kingdom in Chartra, and soon joined Paris. With former enemies, he preferred to put up, generously distributing lands and titles. Even breaking the army of the Duke of Mayen in the city, then the war with Philip Spanish continued for several years. But by the G. The result of the Religious Wars in France, the Nantic Edict, signed in April, was an important act that affirmed the foundations of state policy of religion.

Although the Huguenots were not completely equalized in religious rights with Catholics, he received the right to freedom of preaching, school teaching and worship throughout France, with the exception of Paris. All judicial sentences were canceled on religious grounds. Protestants gained access to all state and public positions, could collect congresses on political and religious issues, as well as to have their own authorized at court and in the State Council.

Henry received a formal divorce from Margarita Valois, with whom he did not actually live from the wedding itself, and married Maria Medici. Maria subsequently gave birth to three daughters and three sons, including the heir to the throne of Louis. Henry rode in a carriage to inspect new guns in the arsenal. On a narrow winding street, some man jumped on the wheel as it was later installed, it was a Catholic-fanatic named Ravalyak, stuck his head through the carriage window open due to the heat, and put the cinema into the chest of the king.

Henry died instantly. Ravalyak was captured by the guards and executed two weeks later. King of Navarra in the GG. King of France in GG. Wives: 1 from G. was born on December 13. But in the person of his father, the young prince had a completely different example. He did not long remained a supporter of Geneva and returned to Catholicism, after he entered the service of the French king in the position of general lieutenant and turned from the Protestant commander in the court.

Henry then for the first time replaced his religion, but after the death of King Antoine returned to his mother’s religion.He was in those years when France shocked the first religious wars. Fierce battles were replaced by rather long periods of the world, during which the young Bearns had the opportunity to get acquainted with the court life of Paris. Smart, lively and practical, Henry gleaned a lot from these observations.

The Valois family also managed to study it well. After imprisonment in the city, this marriage, in her opinion, was supposed to reconcile both parties and put an end to the bloody troubles. At first, at first it did not go well for a long time, but then it still came to a successful end - in August, as you know, he did not justify the hopes assigned to him. Six days after the wedding, the Catholics insidiously attacked the Huguenots, who gullibly gathered in Paris for wedding celebrations, and made them a brutal massacre on the night of St.

Bartholomew. The whole retinue of Henry, located in the Louvre, was interrupted, but he himself, having promised to go into Catholicism, escaped a common fate. The next four years, Henry lived in Paris at the position of the prisoner. Outwardly, he seemed to be reconciled with his fate, but in reality he did not leave a thought of escape. In February, he soon renounced Catholicism, for the third time he accepted Calvinism and from that time for many years he became the leader of the French Huguenots.

The wife of Henry, Margarita, whom he never loved, lived without a husband in Paris for two more years, changing one lover after another. The King of the Navarre, however, was not inferior to her by the number of love adventures. He was generally loving and had in his life a connection with many women from a variety of classes. So, during Paris captivity, he was passionate about Freilina Ekaterina Medici for several years, Charlotte de Bon-Sambanse known as Madame de Council.

Catherine Medici brought Margarita to Gascon and stayed with his son -in -law for eighteen months. Between the two yards, apparently, a complete reconciliation occurred. She became the first of the famous favorites of Henry. According to contemporaries, Corizanda, in addition to beauty and mind, had many other virtues, and among them courage and disinterestedness.

During the lack of a wife with the city of Margarita, she lived in Paris Corizanda played the role of the queen at the Navarre court. Henry completely decided to marry her. Indeed, by G. at that time the civil war reached the highest bitterness. The implacable Catholics united in the league, led by Henry Guise and his brothers. The ligists began by the lifting of the religious struggle against the intrigue against Henry III, trying to overthrow him from the throne.

Every month, the king felt more uncomfortable in Paris. Finally, in May, after this desperate act between Henry III and Parisians there could no longer be reconciliation. The head of the League became the younger brother of the murdered Giza, the Duke of Mayen. Henry began to seek support from the King of Navarre and, since Nagon had his own children, officially recognized him in April G.

Both Henry united his troops and approached Paris. The siege was in full swing when on August 1, the fanatic Cleman stabbed the king with a dagger. The Huguenots who besieged Paris, on the same day, proclaimed the Henry of the Navarre king of France. But the leaders of the Catholic part of the besieging army did not dare to unconditionally recognize him. They declared the King of the Navarre heir to Henry III, but with the condition of the adoption of Catholicism.

The Parisians elected King Uncle Henry IV, the old cardinal Karl Bourbon, but in fact, the Duke of Mayen continued to control the rebels. Henry did not have its own forces for the siege of Paris. Therefore, he retreated to Normandy and waged a war for four years between the banks of the Seine and Loire. At first he approached the DAAPPU. The Duke of Meyensky pursued him at the head of a larger army.

Henry took a strong position between the three rivers near the Ark castle. For two weeks, continuous clashes took place, and on September 21 a hot battle ensued, in which the king showed himself a brave warrior and forced the duke to retreat, although he had three times more strength.