The biography of Swift Gulliver

Jonathan Swift - GG. Brandis is a brilliant English writer Jonathan Swift, the author of the famous novel “Gulliver's Travel”, lived a long and anxious life, as amazing and unique as the adventures of the hero of his fantastic novel “Gulliver's Travel”. The father of the future writer, a young Englishman Swift, in search of earnings moved with his wife to Ireland.

But soon he died, never seeing his son, who was born a few months later. As a child, Jonathan Swift experienced the need and deprivation, for many years lived on meager handouts of rich relatives, in separation from his beloved mother. After graduation, fourteen -year -old Swift entered Dublin University. Young Swift, witty and ulcerative, was unsociable and arrogant. He often missed prayers and received endless penalties for this.

In the year, Swift graduated from the university and went to his mother in England. After long troubles, he settled himself as the secretary of the retired nobleman William Tameph. The former minister, a lover of literature and flowers, William Templ warmly accepted the guests from London in his estates. It was difficult for Swift to get used to the whims of a bored rich man, and they soon parted, but Swift did not find the best service and returned to the hempler.

This time, the nobleman was more attentive to his secretary. He began to talk with Swift for a long time, introduced him to his friends. The ambitious Swift decided at all costs to achieve a high position in society. In the year, he defended his dissertation for a master's degree and took the position of a priest. He hoped that the spiritual title would make him a respected person. After several years of service, Tempra, Swift had to fulfill the boring duties of a village priest and pronounce Sunday sermons to a dozen inhabitants who were unable to evaluate his eloquence and wit.

Ireland was a lazy and poor country, entirely dependent on England. The population paid exorbitant taxes and lived in poverty. Swift as a priest had to travel a lot around the country. He saw the Irish live, and fell in love with them. At the same time, Swift eagerly caught political news from England, and maintained ties with influential friends Temeph. Swift understood that the only weapon that would help him break through the road was his sharp pen.

He directed his literary talent to the defense of the Wigs - a party that demanded the development of industry and trade. Without signing his name, Swift issued several witty works - pamphlets, where he ridiculed opponents and proved the rightness of the Wigs. These pamphlets were a great success and rendered serious assistance to Vigam. Vigi tried to find their unknown ally, but Swift preferred to stay in the shade for the time being.

He wandered along the cramped London streets, went into the coffee shop where London writers gathered, silently drank his coffee and listened to the latest news. Occasionally, this gloomy man in a black casket of the priest intervened in the conversation and scattered in passing such severities and puns that visitors to the coffee shop fell silent, trying not to utter a single joke.

In the year, Swift published the satirical book "The Tale of Barrels". The name of the English folk expression that makes sense: to say nonsense, grind nonsense. Mercilessly and cruelly, he made fun of any manifestation of human stupidity in it - barren religious disputes, the works of mediocre writers and critics, flattery, and low worship. To save the country from hopeless fools, Swift suggested looking for people with a bright mind in a crazy house - Bedlam, worthy of taking various state and military posts.

In the end, Swift admitted that he wrote this sensational book and many other previously published anonymous pamphlets issued without the name of the author. After that, he entered the rights of the best writers and artists equal to the circle. Now Swift began a strange double life: in Ireland, he remained a modest village priest, in London he turned into a famous writer. Years passed.

Queen Anna entered the English throne. England fought against France for several years, and the war was deliberately delayed, as this brought wealth to several influential nobles. Swift's influence and fame has increased endlessly. The ministers were played out in front of him, he was invited to the palaces, luxurious receptions were arranged in his honor, and tried to enlist his support.

Swift did not extract from his position any benefits for himself. He only wanted the state’s policy to be conducted reasonably, not for the benefit of individual rulers, but in the name of the interests of the entire state as a whole. He stubbornly achieved the speedy end of a ruin war in order to facilitate the position of the people. Swift wrote many pamphlets, in them he exposed the abuse of those nobles who delayed the war.

Swift's words found a hot response among the people. Not without his influence, a peace treaty was concluded with France. Swift was appointed rector of Dublin Cathedral.When the Queen Anna suddenly died in the year, the new king I was intensified by the new king - the discord between the ministers. Swift saw how some kings were replaced by others, how the ministers intrigued against each other, then flew from their posts and replaced with new ones, and the position of the people remained as untisel.

Swift understood that no matter how great his influence, he was not able to help the people. Then Swift decided to get away from politics and forever moved to Dublin. From the year, Swift lived almost unconditionally in Dublin, and only in the fifty -eighth year of his life did he return to the social struggle. This time, Swift turned all the power of his anger and talent to protect the Irish people.

The English government allowed the clever fraudster Voodoo to mint a bargaining coin for Ireland. Wood began to make such a poor -quality coin that the Irish refused to accept it. Then Swift turned to the people allegedly from the face of the Dublin cloth with a number of “letters”. In them, he described the terrifying poverty and poverty of the Irish, reminded that no one was given the right to encroach on ancient Irish liberties, and called the Irish to the struggle for their human rights and dignity.

He began with the exposure of the fraudster Wood and ended with a call to the uprising against English rule. The English government had to remove the fake coin of Wood from the appeal. Everyone in Ireland knew who was the author of the “Cloth letters”, but when the government decided to attract Swift to the court and declared pounds awards to the author who indicates the author of the “Cloth letters”, there was not a single Irish who would pose with this money.

When the Prime Minister ordered Swift to arrest and deliver him to London, the answer came from Ireland: “To arrest Swift, you need ten thousand soldiers.” Closed and harsh swift became the favorite of the Irish people. He was guarded by a special detachment, and on the streets he was met by thousands of good wishes and greetings. The main work of his life, the novel “Gulliver’s journey”, like all other works, Swift released anonymously and recognized his authorship only after the “Travel” was already reprinted several times and read almost to holes.

The novel fascinated the readers with the unheard of the adventures of Gulliver in the countries of the Liliputs and giants, the Laputians and the Guyngm. Only the most insightful of his contemporaries realized that this funny, fantastic story contains the deepest meaning, an angry mockery on existing orders, laws, morals and politics is hidden. The first extraordinary adventures of Gulliver occur in the country of Liliputs.

Gulliver is twelve times larger than lilliputs.

Swift accurately calculated all the relationships between the giant Hulliver and the Kingdom of the Liliputs and portray them so convincing that some readers of that time took this fairy tale for a pure coin. The insignificant funny liliputs turned out to be a conceited and self -loving people. They most appreciated wealth, ranks and insignia, as Gulliver watched in his homeland. Liliputs quarreled, gossiped, intrigued, and internecine wars waged.

They had politically parties. One stood that the eggs needed to be broken from the stupid end, and the other affirmed the opposite. Readers easily guessed the image of barren religious disputes here. All human relations, which are actually represented by significant and even grandiose, are shown in a microscopic scale in the novel of Swift and therefore seem funny and miserable.

Readers were amused by the bizarre adventures of Gulliver and, not realizing it themselves, they laughed at the shortcomings and vices of modern England. During the second trip, Gulliver fell into the country of giants, who were twelve times more than human height. Thus, Gulliver himself turned into lilipr’s giants and, thanks to his tiny growth, underwent a lot of all sorts of troubles.

The king of the giants, to whom Gulliver came, the story of the life of tiny boats, calling themselves people, seemed ridiculous, and the customs of people are miserable and vain, like Gulliver himself - the life of Liliputs. In the third part of the novel, Gulliver will fall into the bast shoes - the country of scientists. The famous scientists are unusually scattered and thoughtful, and each of them is busy with resolving a complex “scientific” issue, for example, burning ice in gunpowder, by the method of building houses, starting not from the foundation, but from the roof, and so on.

These "scientists" resemble some contemporaries of Swift, in the scientific works of which there were many remnants of barren medieval wisdom. Therefore, Swift so mercilessly ridiculed the modern science. And in other countries where Gulliver went, he found ridiculous absurdities, behind which hints of real events and real persons of that time were hidden. Finally, the last fourth part of the novel describes a visit to Gulliver of the country of Guyngnm - horses endowed with the human mind and forced the miserable humanoid creatures of Yekh.

Here, disappointed and tired swift, evil and witty proves to its compatriots that life is arranged inhumanly, ugly, unfair. In this work, his huge satirical talent reaches such a force as only a few writers of the world possessed. Swift died at 78 years of life. In his will, he asked him to bury him in the Dublin Cathedral. On his grave, he himself was engraved by the compiled inscription: “The body of Jonathan Swift, the dean of this cathedral church, rests here, and the harsh indignation no longer tears his heart here.

Go, traveler, and imitate, if you can, a zealous champion of courageous freedom. ”