Italy is briefly biography

The history of Italy is the history of Italy G. in the era of the primitive communal system, between gg. A little later the Illyrians appeared, then, near the GG. The real story of Italy began with the strengthening of the power of Rome and the Romans. In the city, it is believed that the borders of the city, the future capital of the Roman Empire, determined Romulus. From this moment, the joining of the land and the development of the Roman state begins.

In the VI century BC. Rome was under the rule of the Etruscan kings of the-wealth. Near G. in gg. Rome and Carthage were fooled. Rome approved his dominance throughout the Mediterranean. During the reign of Emperor Constantine I, Christianity becomes a state religion of the Roman Empire. At this time, the empire that was noticeably weakened during the turmoil and internal discord is again united, and repuls the piercing barbarians.

Over the years of his reign, administrative reform was carried out, the capital was transferred to Constantinople, and Rome remained the capital of the western part of the empire. The great relocation of the peoples began. The West Roman Empire fell under the onslaught of Germanic tribes. From the city, the Empire of Charles the Great replaced the Western Roman Empire.

But as a result of the accession to the throne of Charles the Great, Italy was dependent on France, and so foreign domination of Italy begins. With the beginning of invasions in rural areas, numerous monasteries began to appear, and this laid the foundation for the outflow of the population from cities to rural areas, since the monasteries provided protection to all those who worked on their lands.

However, starting from the 9th to the 10th century, the reverse influx of the population in the cities begins, especially those that were well fortified and located on high hills. Such cities defended much better than monasteries. Gradually, these free communes, or city-states, intensified, almost each had its own government, and the coastal cities had its own fleet.

All cities had to obey the central government, but during the long periods of the absence of the emperor, each city was forced to count on its own strength and the ability to defend itself. The Arabs of the Saracens is supplanted from South Italy and from Sicily. After the reign of the Staufenes dynasty, which continued before the city of the Papal Region includes most of the average Italy.

The Sea Republic of Venice is at the top of its power. Florence establishes its dominance over large areas of northern and medium Italy. In Milan, the feudal clan of Visconti later - the dynasty of the Dukes of the Sforza establishes a sole hereditary rule. Alfons V, King of Aragon, becomes the "king of both Sicily." Until the city of the Neapolitan and Sicilian kingdoms, they obey the Spanish crown.

Papal region, Florence, led by Medici and Venice, retain independence. The Milan Duchy and the Neapolitan kingdom go to Spain. At the same time, the Savoy Duchy of Duchy under Emanuel Filiberto in the XVI century. Karl V captured and plundered Rome. In the XVII century. Sicily departs Savoy.

When the last representative of the Medici clan dies in Florence, the Great Duchy of Tuscan goes to Austria. During this period, Italians acquaintance with the ideas of the French revolution. Later, Napoleon I abolishes the papal region and attaches it to France. Joseph Bonaparte becomes the Neapolitan king, he is inherited by Joachim Murat. Austrian troops enter Naples and Sicily.

The papal region is restored. Giuseppe Majini in Marseille creates an underground organization "Young Italy", the purpose of which is the liberation and unification of Italy. RIPRUMENTO begins - the era of the reunification of Italy. The Kingdom of the Sardinian declares the war of Austria, but suffers defeat. Only the French under Napoleon III in Italy declares Austria a war and is defeated.

Prussia, the ally of Italy, defeats the Austrians in the Sadova area. Lombardy and Venice go to Italy. However, in Italy it enters the First World War on the side of the Entente. Benito Mussolini creates a fascist state and a sovereign church state of the Vatican was created in the city. Italy enters the Second World War on the side of Germany. In September, the newly formed government of Badolo signed a peace treaty with Eisenhower, and a few days later, most of the peninsula was occupied by the German troops.

With the advent of German troops in Italy in the occupied territories, anti -fascist resistance began to operate. King Vittorio Emanuel the third, together with the government, fled to the part of the peninsula liberated by the Allies. Thus, Italy was again divided into two parts - the south, which, by temporary agreement between the parties of the Rules of the King and the rest of the country occupied by the Germans, in which the Social Italian Republic was formed.

The government of the liberated part of Italy signed an agreement with the allies, according to which Italy began to fight against Germany from the opposing country and participated in the hostilities on the side of the Allies at the last stage of the war.Mussolini is executed by Italian patriots. However, in a referendum on the form of government of the country, the majority of the population votes for the republic.

The king leaves Italy. Italy joins NATO. Trieste returns Italy.