Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky biography

The Electronic Fund of the Presidential Library presents unique materials that talk in detail about the life and work of this famous Soviet statesman, founder and head of the All -Russian Emergency Commission to combat counter -revolution and espionage. Of great interest for researchers and everyone who is interested in domestic history is represented by a large video lecture “Unknown Dzerzhinsky” candidate of historical sciences, an employee of the Department of Contemporary History of Russia of the Institute of History of St.

Petersburg State University Ilya Ratkovsky talks about the little -known facts of the Iron Felix biography, about how his personality and views were formed, how his political career was built in the post -revolutionary conditions. Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky was born in a year near Minsk in his family estate. The future revolutionary came from an old family, leaving the roots in the 17th century.

He was well versed in music and poetry - it was not without reason that he was related to the national Polish poet Julius Slovak. Dzerzhinsky received education in one of the best educational institutions of the Russian Empire - gymnasium in Vilna. It was also visited by another famous politician - Peter Arkadievich Stolypin. It is interesting that it was there that the revolutionary “upbringing” of Felix took place.

Despite the severity of mentors, the students of the gymnasium actively created underground circles. In many ways, the construction of the Life Way of Dzerzhinsky was also influenced by personal loss - his older brother died at the hands of the criminals. And the main dream of “Iron Felix” was the struggle against banditry. He received this position. About what this person was by nature, one can judge by the memoirs of his associates.

His speech is not a speech, but a cry of mind and heart, a cry of frantic will and creative passion. Each figure rings this passion. Each word, as if a sharp arrow is lowered from the bowstring, sticks into the heads of comrades. Everyone feels: here is a person who is given to the whole work, entirely. He is not for him. He does not look in a historical mirror, as he probably never looked in a simple mirror.

He dissolved in his work, a strange blush plays on his cheeks, then suddenly flashing, then disappearing. Eyes glittered feverishly, shining with inner fire and at the same time such patients. The face is strict and energetic - a revolutionary fighter, devoted to the end, to the coffin. Hot speech, hot gesticulation, powerful pressure of will, becoming a commissar, Dzerzhinsky for some time canceled the death penalty.

The highest measure - the execution - he later resumed, but it was used only against official criminals, bandits and spies. In addition, Iron Felix was a thunderstorm of bureaucrats. At the forefront, he believed, it is necessary to put the action, not countless papers. His words can be read about this in the edition of the last three speeches: “It is necessary to reduce the red tape, paperwork, a stream of documents in which we drown.

It is necessary to rebuild the work, destroy unnecessary bureaucratic links, and lay more responsibility to the work directly. It is necessary to do so that there is no such bureaucratic system when we do not know what we are doing, but they know this papers in our portfolios. ” Dzerzhinsky also made a great contribution to the formation of the economy of the young Soviet country.

In the service, the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars worked on the development of metallurgy, heavy industry and the preparation of an industrialization plan. In any work for which Iron Felix was taken, he considered the most “iron” order and “iron” liability of the performers. Thus, Dzerzhinsky wanted to get any structure of maximum efficiency from the functioning of any structure.

You can see this by turning to his “last three speeches”, whose transcenterograms can be read on the portal of the presidential library: “Not institutions act, but people work in institutions. There should be clarity and clarity, who is responsible for what is personally, personal responsibility. Endless collegiality, commissions, meetings, etc. takes a lot of time to meetings and commissions.

Reducing them, we expand the system of personal responsibility. It is necessary that we are not pulled back and forth, and we do not pull others. ” The electronic fund of the presidential library helps to consider the identity of the famous revolutionary in full and learn not only about his professional qualities, but also by personality characteristics. For example, in the collection of memoirs of contemporaries of Felix Edmundovich “Felix Dzerzhinsky” we read the essay of Lev Sosnovsky: “The masses of Dzerzhinsky are unknown.

They know the statesman of Dzerzhinsky, the leader of Dzerzhinsky, the fighter of Dzerzhinsky. But a person, Felix, a holistic person, a bright and harmonious, charming idealist in the best sense of the word, a touchingly pure family man, one-lover, a kind and responsive comrade, a person without cracks and flaws-this Dzerzhinsky mass did not know. ”He died at the age of 48 on July 20, a few hours after a traditionally inspired, fiery speech at the Plenum of the Central Committee, dedicated to the state of the USSR economy.

The death of the founder of the Cheka struck his like -minded people: with the departure of such people, a whole era leaves. But Dzerzhinsky was the only one. And we no longer have this. Like the boiling lava of the revolution, and not simple human blood flowed and boiled in its veins. It is strange to imagine Dzerzhinsky asleep. It is almost impossible to imagine him dead, ”N.

in turn writes, Karl Radek is sure that without“ iron felix ”the revolution itself would be impossible:“ There is no Dzerzhinsky. For millions of masses, his name was a banner of the undaunted fighter, was a banner of the defender of the workers and the poor. His name will go down in the history of socialism, as one of the best wrestlers of the proletariat. If the masses Lenin always remember how the brain of the revolution, then Dzerzhinsky will remember how about her heart.

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