Cosmonauts Biography Wikipedia

Sergei Ryazansky - about how they train, live and work astronauts photo: Wikipedia. In his professional asset - two flights into space with a total length of the day and four exits into outer space. Sergey is the world's first spacecraft scientist, as well as the author of many photo exhibitions with the staff of our planet from an open space. And he also leads a blog and writes books in which he gives useful tips about life on Earth on the basis of his cosmic experience.

How to become an astronaut for the last two sets for enrolling in the ranks of astronauts were open. Now, in general, anyone can apply, the main thing is to meet the requirements. All of them are listed on the website of the Center for Training of astronauts. The key is these: you should be a citizen of the Russian Federation no older than 35 years. You should not have foreign citizenship or a residence permit in other countries, as well as outstanding criminal records and disclosures of state secrets.

You should have a suitable education: basically, emphasis is on engineers and pilots, but the guys come with completely different specialties. First, as when entering the university, you submit an application for joining the detachment. After that, you are passing all the commissions, passing entrance exams, about which, as well as about medical requirements and physical education standards, it is known in advance so that the applicant can soberly evaluate his forces.

There is a myth that the main thing for the astronaut is health, everything else is not so important. But in fact, the main thing is intelligence, otherwise you simply will not master the huge amount of material, and you will be expelled. Next, you will be waiting for two years of general space training, after which you have to pass the state exam and receive the title “Cosmonaut-test” along with the real identity of the astronaut.

I think that the profession is still in great demand. Flights to the ISS are ongoing, new programs are planned, plus in the future, of course, pilots for tourist flights will be required. Industry 4. At the same time, each team members are completely interchangeable. Here, perhaps, is the main thing to do: monitor your health. It is for an astronaut - a professional tool. Endurance is necessary not only during the work at the station: before that you have to study a lot and prepare.

Possess the widest horizons. You need to know too much to a modern specialist, you need to own all the necessary skills. And, accordingly, initially serious requirements are for cosmonauts. Exercise. The astronaut must maintain his physical condition at the level. At the same time, you should not develop in physical education one -sidedly: you can ride a bicycle, run, swim, play badminton, tennis, study in the gym, etc.

But in addition to all these requirements, the astronaut needs to be able to constantly study and wait. You can perfectly take exams, be a wonderful, promising specialist, but stay on earth and wait for you to be put in the crew while others fly into space. But patience and the desire for constant improvement will definitely lead you to success. The salary of the astronaut today's salary of such a specialist consists of salary, compensation and various kinds of incentive payments.

Thanks to the decision of the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, in April of the year the salaries of astronauts will be significantly increased. The main thing in preparation for the flight each action of the astronaut should be worked out to automatism. Therefore, there are usually a lot of training, and all of them are diverse: some require the study of the work of some engineering system, others are a practice on a simulator, for example, to work with emergency situations.

Conditionally, the entire training program can be divided into two large stages. General Russian preparation. It lasts about two years, after which the future astronaut passes the state exam and receives a diploma. Training in groups. It lasts at least two years, the maximum - all your life. If you are assigned to the crew, another 18 to 24 months will go to prepare for the first flight according to a particular program.

We have training at the Cosmonaut training center in a star town and in training centers in different countries: in Japan, Germany, the USA. There are training in outdoor outputs - this is when we are in spacesuits under water. And there are also training on survival, piloting of aircraft, for stress resistance and psychological aspects. In general, the astronaut is not bored.

One of the most stressful training of astronauts is a parachute jump. During them, brain function is also trained, since it is necessary to focus not only on flight, but also on other tasks, for example, on solving examples or deciphering terrestrial signs. Well, of course, you need to have time to open the parachute. Like any normal person, I reacted to this task first with interest, and then with fear, because you must jump every day.

Later I fell in love with this training so that I scored more jumps.The main anxieties and fears of astronauts stay in space are a difficult psychological test. The so -called chemistor can prepare for it, where the brain ability to work without sleep is checked for several days. But in fact, even such a harsh test is not able to completely simulate all the conditions of space work. Futurology to go beyond: why psychologically we are not ready to leave our planet, we work in unusual conditions for the human body for six months, almost without days off.

And, of course, psychological fatigue, emotional burnout arises at some stage. To maintain yourself in a resource state, you must be able to switch: watch the series or chat with colleagues. At a station where it is always quite noisy, you become more sensitive to a change in the sounds surrounding you, the appearance of new ones. Any change, changing some frequency, clicking valves, are very easy to notice.

Usually this means that some changes have occurred in the operation of the systems, which means that it may be worthwhile to intervene. Once, my colleague Oleg and I heard knocks outside the station. It turned out that the “earth”, without telling us, turned on the fuel pumping system from the ship to the station. Thus, the valves that gave this knock were opened. We were ready to think about whether the space woodpecker was breaking through a hole in the station.

” Secrets of command work work in space compositions are akin to teamwork on Earth. In modern business, the coordinated collective process is as important as in space, but with the only reservation: not only the overall result, but also life depends on such work. In space, people of different nationalities, with various religious education, mentality, have to find mutual understanding in order to maintain a positive atmosphere.

It is incredibly important that the team be one. What helps us in this? Psychological support system. These are servers through which experts on Earth can pour our favorite music or record a match with your favorite football team. Informal communication with the team. This is a great team. Any conflicts can be grinded during dialogue or while playing board games. Creative recreation methods.

We will either arrange a football match in zero gravity, then the Badminton match, and the pair. Once, an Italian and I arranged a party and prepared a good pizza right in space. How astronauts adapt to new conditions, our body was created in order to exist in conditions of gravity. And when its vector is suddenly removed, many processes begin to rebuild in the body.

There is only one way out: to adapt. Physical activity in space occurs changes in metabolic processes: for example, large calcium losses occur due to the fact that there is no gravity. There is a redistribution of fluid in the body, increased intracranial pressure, which can appear in specific headaches, which, incidentally, are treated with physical education. Every day you must run on a treadmill, this is considered the main training.

Plus, there is a bicycle on which the astronauts pedal not only with their feet, but also with their hands to develop the shoulder belt to prepare out the outer space. A shower is, of course, a problem. There is no soul at the station, and every day you must play sports for at least two hours, of course, then you need to somehow carry out hygienic procedures. We wipe with wet towels.

There is such a bag with a terry towel, in it a valve through which you can pump hot water, and this steamed towel is washed. The crew at the orbital station provides four meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner and snack. On average, men in orbit should consume 3 kcal per day, women - 2 kcal. Tulgs with food today are replaced by sublimated dry food, which can be cooked directly at the station.

For example, we have porridge, but they are made by a special consistency so that it is sticky and viscous. The Americans call our Russian Barbie Bread bread - Barbie bread - because our loaf is the size of a small cube. It was done in such a way that it is all in its entirety in your mouth and not to crush anything, because the crumbs can fly into the eyes, in the throat, and this is not necessary at the station.

It is very cool about the desire to return to space that the astronautics went to a new round of development, including at the expense of private companies. Thanks to Ilon Mask for his fantastic ability to PR what he does. Of course, every national agency also works on popularization. I am sure that in the near future we will already see the development of space tourism and commercial scientific laboratories in orbit.

Did I want to go back to space? Of course I want.