Alexander Blok Biography Children

St. Petersburg 2nd Krasnoarmeyskaya St. The creator of the image of a stranger and a beautiful lady is one of the talented representatives of Russian symbolism. He composed the first poem at the age of five, and as a teenager, he published a manuscript magazine "Bulletin", put a play on his home stage. He had German roots in his father. His great-great-grandfather, Johann von Blok, moved to Russia in the year, was the label-medical of Empress Elizabeth.

Talking about his relatives and friends, the poet described his grandfather and his father so much, who, because of a difficult nature, left his family almost immediately after his birth: in his father’s family, literature played a small role. My grandfather is a luther, a descendant of the doctor of King Alexei Mikhailovich. My grandfather was married to the daughter of the Novgorod governor - Ariadne Alexandrovna Cherkasova.

My father, Alexander Lvovich Blok, was a professor at the University of Warsaw at the Department of State Law; He died on December 1. His fate is fulfilled by complex contradictions, rather unusual and gloomy. Throughout his life, he printed only two small books and for the past twenty years he worked on an essay on the classification of sciences, I met a little with him, but I remember his blood.

Blok's contemporaries noted that the element of music, anxiety, dreaminess and “Irony’s disease” in the poet are from his father. But upbringing in the mother’s family also played a huge role in the formation of the personality of the poet. He himself admitted that his environment from childhood influenced him. Talking about the mother’s family, Blok wrote: my grandfather, Andrey Nikolaevich Beketov, Botanik, was the rector of the University of St.

Petersburg in his best years and was born in the “Rectors House”. The St. Petersburg Higher Women's Courses, called "Bestuzhev" named K. Bestuzhev-Ryumin, owe them to the existence of their grandfather mainly. He belonged to those idealists of pure water, whom our time almost did not know our grandfather’s wife, my grandmother, Elizaveta Grigoryevna - the daughter of a famous traveler and researcher of Central Asia, Grigory Sruych Korelina.

She worked all her life on compilations and translations of scientific and artistic works; The list of her works is huge. From childhood, women were engaged in the upbringing of Sasha - grandmother, mother, aunts. Much later, he will describe his mother and her sisters in this way: all three translated from foreign languages. The eldest was fame - Ekaterina Andreevna for her husband - she translated Krasnova from French, Spanish, remade English novels for children.

My mother, Alexandra Andreevna in her second husband-Kublitskaya-Piotukh, translated and translated from French-poems and prose. In her youth, she wrote poetry, but printed - only children's ones. Maria Andreevna Beketova translated and translated from Polish, German, French. Everyone in the house loved and understood literature, the only boy was adored and indulged, instilling him the same love of verbal grace.

The nanny Sonya read the fairy tales of Alexander Pushkin to the boy Vasily Zhukovsky, who made a huge impression on the child. Mom read him the works of Fet, Baudelaire, Verlain. At five, Little Sasha already knew how to read and wrote his first poem. The second husband of his mother, officer Franz Feliksovich Kublitsky-Piotukh, was a devoted and loving spouse to her, but was indifferent to the stepson.

After their wedding, the nine -year -old thinly feeling Sasha closed in himself. Children's leprosy ended, the atmosphere of adoration in which he lived in a grandfather’s house ended. The Blok entered the Vvedensky gymnasium immediately to the second grade and, according to him, was terribly scared by this circumstance. Then he will write in the “Confession of the Gentile”: our class was violent, among us were fair defectors, old smokers, great -aging caring, cynics, wrestlers and athletes.

It soon became clear that there were desperate revolutionaries: one, with a shishkut forehead, silent, read Smomyalovsky. Another, Chernogorets with strong fists and impudent eyes, rude to all teachers. The first was excluded, and the second soon drowned, rolling on a boat. Blok himself at that time already composed poetry, tried to write prose. In the year, he entered the whole family in the creation of the Vestnik magazine.

Grandmother Lisa wrote stories for him, grandfather Andrei illustrated the texts. Sasha himself composed a whole novel that came out in the first ten numbers. In total, thirty -seven were released. At the end of the gymnasium, Alexander entered the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University, but soon transferred to the historical and philological faculty. During his studies, he dreamed of an acting career.

On vacation, Alexander left for the estate of Grandfather Shakhmatovo and spent a lot of time in the neighboring estate of Boblovo, who belonged to the famous chemist Dmitry Mendeleev. In the circle of youth, he enthusiastically recited Maikov, Fet, Polonsky, Apukhtin. He put theatrical performances and vaudeville, played Chatsky, Hamlet, a stingy knight. Bloc's work of family traditions and a closed life contributed to the fact that before he began to study at the university, Blok was not interested in the so -called “new poetry”.In the first courses of the university, a mystically and romantically -minded young man was carried away by the work of Vladimir Solovyov, he met Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Sergey Gorodetsky, Zinaida Hippius.

In St. Petersburg, Alexander’s poems in the Almanac “Northern Flowers” ​​were first printed, which was oversaw Valery Bryusov. For the first time, a cycle of “Poems about a beautiful lady” appeared there for the first time. By the time of the release of the first book under the same name, the Blok wrote about eight hundred poems, but about a hundred poems were included in the collection.

In the same year, the poet was shocked by the first Russian revolution. Other intonations appeared in his work, he felt in the air the beginning of something spontaneous, uncontrollable. From under his pen, the “Snow Mask” cycle, the dramatic works “Stranger” and “Balaganchik” were born. The poet’s verses were published in the magazine of the Symbolists “Golden Fleece”, the publications “Libra” and “Pass”.

The collection "Earth in the Snow" was released. The year was a severe shock for the bloc, the death of his own father and adopted son Mitya. The wife gave birth to a boy from actor Konstantin Lavidovsky, the poet accepted the baby as his own, having reconciled with his wife. His death was a blow to both. Alexander Alexandrovich plunged into the translation of Heine poems, wrote literary articles about Merezhkovsky and Balmont.

Then he decided with his wife to go to Italy to "forget the past and become a man." On the eve of the departure, he visited the Moscow Art Theater at the premiere of “Three Sisters” and completely shocked in a letter to his mother: “Three sisters”, this is the corner of the great Russian art, one of the accidentally survived by some miraculously spanned corners of my dirty, dirty and bloody homeland, which I glory to you, I left Chekhov, as it is in my heart and divided my heart and divided my heart and divided my heart His tears, sadness and humiliation are unhappy, we are all that our native land has prepared such a ground for us - for malice and quarrels with each other.

In the year, the poet owl went abroad, visited France, Belgium, the Netherlands.

He responded to France with disgust: ... boredom hanging in the air, and the inalienable quality of the French - inexpensive dirt, first of all - physical, and then spiritual. The first dirt is better not to describe; Speaking briefly, a man of disgust will not agree to settle in France. I swim every day at sea and feel, however, who has faded. Soul mud is exposed primarily by the fact that in France there are no men and women.

The French woman is a creature that does not inspire any feelings except disgust - and then if she was very beautiful and gracefully dressed in the same year, the collection “Night Clock” was released, and then the block wrote the drama “Rosa and the Cross”, which was progressing painfully and slowly. Having completed the poem, its creator remained unhappy: at the end of the year he began to rewrite it and only in January of the year was the final option that he read to Konstantin Stanislavsky was born.

The poet told about his play in one of the interviews: “Rose and the Cross” The first duty is the drama of the man Bertrand. He is not a hero of drama, but - her mind and her heart. The poor mind wanted to reconcile the rose of beauty and immortality with the cross of suffering. The mind was looking for reconciliation with the heart, and only the heart found it. The comfort of Bertrand was in death.

She prefers the real ghostly, and it would really seem strange if the dark -skinned Spaniard gave her feeling to the northern singer. In the same period, Alexander Alexandrovich met with Anna Akhmatova, which later devoted the poem “Beauty is terrible - they will tell you” and signed three volumes of his works for her. With the outbreak of World War I, Blok was drafted into the army. He served as a loser in the engineering part of the All -Russian Union.

The February Revolution made an indelible impression on the poet. He refused to emigrate, got a job as an editor in the “Extraordinary Investigative Commission to investigate the actions of former ministers, chief and other officials of both civilian and military and naval departments.” Blok’s work immediately responded to the October Revolution: in hot pursuit, the famous poems “Twelve” and “Scythians” were written, and all critical articles of that time were published by a separate collection called “Art and Revolution”.

The poet often made reports in the free philosophical association, became a member of the theater and literary commission and the editorial board of “World Literature”. But after his arrest in February, due to the accusation in connection with the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries in their party newspaper, the best works of Blok and the cycles of his articles “Revolution and the Intelligentsia” were printed in the new government-despite the fact that the charges were soon withdrawn thanks to the efforts of Anatoly Lunacharsky.

After the incident, Blok was disappointed in what was happening, almost stopped taking up the pen, began to work in the collegium of the literary department of the People's Commissariat of People's Commissariats.Nevertheless, his collections “Yamba”, “Gray Morning”, dedication to the “Pushkin House”, the speech “On the appointment of the poet” were released. His extraordinary, sophisticated beauty and poetry of nature attracted many.

Lyubov Dmitrievna Mendeleeva, daughter of the great scientist, the future light of Russian poetry knew from childhood. The estates of his mother and Dmitry Mendeleev were not far from each other. Sasha spent a lot of time in Boblovo, was selflessly in love with Lyuba, who became a beautiful lady from his poems. But before their wedding took place in the year, Blok survived another passionate hobby.

The gymnasium student lost innocence at the age of fifteen in the company of his professional. Disappointment and internal shame that followed this for a long time turned the young block from further intimacy with women.