The discoverers of Russia is biography

Get one most read article once a day. Join us on Facebook and VKontakte. Subscription can be unsubscribed at any time. Map of Semyon Dezhnev. Russian sailors, along with European, are the most famous pioneers who have opened new continents, areas of mountain ranges and vast water area. They became the discoverers of significant geographical objects, took the first steps in the development of hard -to -reach territories, and made round -the -world trips.

So who are they - conquerors of the seas, and what exactly the world learned thanks to them? Afanasy Nikitin - The very first Russian traveler Athanasius Nikitin is rightfully considered the first Russian traveler who managed to visit India and Persia years, according to other sources on the way back, he visited Somalia, Turkey, Muscat. Based on the travels, Athanasius compiled notes “Walking for the Three Seas”, which became in demand and unique historical and literary manuals.

These records became the first book in the history of Russia, made not in the format of the story about pilgrimage, but describing the political, economic and cultural characteristics of the territories. Afanasy Nikitin. His named streets, embankments in several Russian cities, a ship, passenger train and aircraft bobs are named after him. Semen Dezhnev, who founded the Anadyr prison, Cossack Ataman Semen Dezhnev was an Arctic sailor, who became the pioneer of a number of geographical objects.

Wherever Semyon Ivanovich serves, everywhere he sought to study the new and previously unknown. He was even able to cross the East Siberian Sea on a home-made Koche, having traveled from Indigirka to Alasea. In the year, as part of a detachment of researchers, Semen Ivanovich opened Kolyma, where the city of Sredneecolsk founded with his associates. A year later, Semen Dezhnev continued his expedition, walked along the Bering Strait, which then had no name and opened the eastern point of the mainland, later named with Cape Dezhnev.

Also, his name is of an island, peninsula, bay, village. Semyon Dezhnev. His ship crashed in the waters located in the southern part of the Anadyr River. Having skied, the sailors went up the river and remained there for the winter. Subsequently, this place appeared on geographical maps and was called Anadyr prison. According to the results of the expedition, the traveler was able to make detailed descriptions, make a map of those places.

Vitus Ionassen Bering, who organized expeditions to Kamchatka, two Kamchatka expeditions inscribed in the history of sea discoveries the names of Vitus Bering and his associate Alexei Chirikov. During the first trip, the sailors conducted a study and were able to supplement the geographical atlas with objects located in North-Eastern Asia and on the Pacific coast of Kamchatka. At the same time, another strait was found and described, which later became called Bering.

Vitus Bering. In this journey, Bering and Chirikov laid the Peter and Paul Ostrog. He got his name from the combined names of their ships “St. Peter” and “St. Paul and later became the city of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. On the way to the shores of America, the ships of like -minded people lost sight of each other, a strong fog affected. The last minutes of Vitus Bering’s life passed on it, and the island later began to wear his name.

Chirikov also reached America on his ship, but safely completed his voyage, finding several islands of the Aleutian ridge on the return road. It was he who appointed Dmitry by the commander of the Irkutsk ship, and Khariton led his double-player Dublupka. They took part in the Great Northern Expedition, the purpose of which was to study and accurately describe and apply the Russian coast of the ocean on the map, from the Ugra ball to Kamchatka.

Each of the brothers made a significant contribution to the development of new territories. Dmitry became the first sailor to shoot the coast from the mouth of Lena to the mouth of Kolyma. He compiled detailed maps of these places, taking as the basis mathematical calculations and astronomical data. Khariton and Dmitry Lapteva. It was he who determined the dimensions and outlines of the huge Peninsula Taimyr - he performed the shooting of his eastern coast, was able to identify the exact coordinates of the coastal islands.

The expedition took place in difficult conditions - a large amount of ice, snowstorms, scurvy, ice captivity - a lot of Khariton Laptev had to endure a lot. But they continued the work that had begun. In this expedition, the assistant Laptev Chelyuskin opened the cape, which was subsequently named in his honor. Noting the great contribution of the Laptevs to the development of new territories, members of the Russian Geographical Society decided to name them with the name of one of the largest seas of the Arctic.

Also, in honor of Dmitry, the strait is named between the mainland and the island of Bolshoi Lyakhovsky, and the name of Khariton bears the western coast of Taimyr Island. Kruzenshtern and Lisyansky - the organizers of the first Russian round -the -world voyage Ivan Kruzenshtern and Yuri Lisyansky - the first Russian sailors who made a trip around the world.Their expedition lasted three years began in and ended in a year.

They and their teams hit the road on two ships, which were named "Nadezhda" and "Neva". Travelers went through the Atlantic Ocean, entered the waters of the Pacific Ocean. On them, sailors sailed to the Kuril Islands, Kamchatka and Sakhalin. Ivan Kruzenshtern. Based on the data obtained by sailors, a detailed Pacific map was compiled. Another important result of the first Russian round -the -world expedition was the data obtained about the flora and fauna of Kurili and Kamchatka, local residents, their customs and cultural traditions.

During their journey, the sailors moved the equator and, according to marine traditions, could not leave this event without a well -known ritual - a sailor, dressed in Neptune, greeted Kruzenshtern and asked why his ship arrived where the Russian flag never visited. To which I received an answer that they are here exclusively for the glory and development of Russian science.

Vasily Golovnin - the first navigator, who managed to rescue from Japanese captivity, the Russian navigator Vasily Golovnin led two round -the -world expeditions. In the year, he, being the rank of lieutenant, received a new appointment and became the commander of the sloop "Diana". It is interesting that this is the only case in the history of the Russian fleet when the Lieutenant was entrusted with the ship’s management.

The leadership set the goal of a round -the -world expedition to study the northern part of the Pacific Ocean, with special attention to the part that is within the native country. The path of Diana was not easy. The sloop went through the island of Tristan-da-Kuna, passed the cape of hope and entered the port belonging to the British. Here the ship was detained by the authorities.

The British informed Golovnin about the start of the war between the two countries. The Russian ship was not declared captured, but the team was not allowed to leave the bay. Having spent more than a year in this position, in mid -May, Diana, led by Golovnin, tried to escape that the sailors successfully succeeded - the ship arrived in Kamchatka. Vasily Golovin.

During his journey, he was accused of non -compliance with the principles of Sakoku and captured by the Japanese for more than 2 years. It was possible to rescue the team from captivity only thanks to the good relationship of one of the Russian naval officers and the influential Japanese merchant who was able to convince his government of the harmless intentions of the Russians.

It is worth noting that before that, no one in the history of Japanese captivity was returning. In the years, Vasily Mikhailovich made another round -the -world trip on the Kamchatka specially built for this ship. Faddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev - the discoverers of Antarctica, captain of the second rank Faddeus Bellingshausen was strongly determined to find the truth in the issue of the existence of the sixth continent.

In the year he went out into the open sea, carefully preparing two sloops - “peaceful” and “east”. The latter was commanded by his like -minded Mikhail Lazarev. The first round -the -world Antarctic expedition set itself other tasks.

In addition to finding irrefutable facts confirming or refuting the existence of Antarctica, travelers were going to explore the waters of the three oceans - Pacific, Atlantic and Indian. Thaddeus Bellingshausen. During the day that it lasted, Bellingshausen and Lazarev were able to make several significant geographical discoveries. Of course, the most important of them is the existence of Antarctica, this historical event occurred on January 28 of the year.

Also, during the trip, about two dozen islands were found and applied to the map, sketches with the types of Antarctic, images of representatives of the Antarctic fauna were created. Mikhail Lazarev. European sailors believed that either it was not, or it is located in places in which it is simply impossible to get through the sea. But Russian travelers had enough perseverance and determination, therefore the names Bellingshausen and Lazarev were included in the lists of the greatest navigators of the world.