Biography of the forest

His guardian-woman not only did not help the young man, but also was flooded the little that he inherited from his father. Leszha is known about the young years. Apparently, he graduated from the Jesuit college in the Brittan bath, then studied the right in Paris, wanting to continue the family tradition. However, he did not go further than the clerk in the office of some notary.

Difficult youth made Leszha encounter different public layers and better know life. All this was then reflected in his books. The growing family of his wife gave birth to him three sons and his daughter forced this loser lawyer to look for other sources of income. Lesje becomes a professional writer. Knowing the Spanish language well, he processes for the French theater the play of Spanish playwrights in the main Francisco Rohas and Lope de Vega.

And if these processing of forests was quite rarely put, then they were willingly published. From the alterations of plays, he soon moves to the free translation of the Spanish novels. The degree of dependence on the primary source was sometimes so small in these “translations” that quite original books came out of the pen of Leszh. Such was his "lame demon" - the free processing of the romance of the same name by Guevara.

Fame of Leszha is associated with the advent of his one -acting comedy “Crisphen, the opponent of his master” and the novel “Lame Demon”, the noisy success that he brought him “Kripen” and “Lame Demon” was soon supported by the Comedy “Tyrcare”, which deeply excited French society. In this play, Leszh depicted an entrepreneurial businessman who reached a high position in society only because his hands were a huge fortune.

Turkare began his career with the post of Lake. Having deftly robbing several owners, he first became the manager, then the entrepreneur and, finally, the largest financier. Money is opened to him, a native of the bottom, access to the aristocratic circles of society. The appearance of this comedy was not accidental. The type depicted in it by the playwright was widespread in France of that time.

The collapse of the feudal-aristocratic society that began gave a wide scope for the activities of crooks like a Turkar. Even in the book of Labryuer, “The characters or morals of the current century”, the first satirical attacks appeared against the successful dark dealers. And over the twenty years that have passed since the release of “characters”, significant social changes have occurred, money has become even greater force, and therefore the comedy, with unprecedented sarcasm, exposed the role of upholstery like Turitoric, acquired great public significance.

Leszhzh exposes those techniques with which Turkar entered people. He brutally exploits his peasants, is engaged in monstrous usury, does not stop before the complete ruin of people who had the negligence of turning to him for help. The play ends with an ominous warning that the history of Turkare is not a single phenomenon: it follows a new generation of the same, and perhaps even more disgusting predators.

When the police arrest Turkar for the next fraud, his footman, who lived a lot at the expense of his master, exclaims: "The reign of Mr. Turker ends, now mine will begin." In other words, the footman is going to follow the example of his master. The play of Leszha found a wide response in French society. Her production coincided with the “For the Spanish inheritance” unsuccessful for France, when the impoverishment of the people reached the extreme limits, and the hatred of businessmen who profited on popular suffering took a particularly sharp form.

According to contemporaries, alarmed financiers such as Turitori offered the playwright a huge amount of money, if only he would refuse to set his comedy. In addition to Kripena and Turkare, Lesge written more than a hundred plays for folk, fair theaters. Following the traditions of the Spanish Plutovsky novel, Leszh gives in this book a vivid picture of modern French morals, although the action of the novel here, as in the Chrome demon, takes place in Spain.

The adventures of Blaz’s housing are unfolding either in the folk environment, then in noble and even court circles. The reader passes a long string of representatives of various social layers - from thieves and poor to ministers and senior dignitaries of the church. Roman introduces the daily life of people of different professions and conditions - financiers, innkeepers, doctors, artisans, actors, lawyers, robbers, monks, public women, nobles.

Not a single French novel to Leszha had such a large number of actors: the whole of France was depicted in the “Blace’s wow”. But the author is not limited to a simple display of these characters: his work is a satirical novel, containing a sharp and versatile criticism of modern society from the standpoint of an advanced class at that time - a bourgeoisie. In particular, we can name a number of Russian novels marked by the undoubted influence of Leszh, for example, “The Adventures of Russian Gilles Blaz” by V.

Narezhny, “Ivan Zazhigin” by F. Bulgarin and others. Until the end of his days, Leszhin remained faithful to the Spanish theme.However, in these books there was no desire to portray Spanish reality with ethnographic accuracy; The heroes of these books of Leszha, their characters are prompted by the writer not so much by reading the Spanish novelists as by studying French everyday life, various layers of French society.

Free variations on Spanish topics were adjacent to the work of Leszha with more stringent processing of Spanish sources. So, in the city of Leszzh, Lesgan reads the Spanish books, made transfers from them, which he then used to create his novels. Apparently, the writer had enough such peculiar blanks; He took advantage of them at the end of his life, when he released several books, which are collections of various materials, slightly fastened to each other.

This is the book of Leszha "Found Suitcase", where in a fuss; The scheduled framing was inserted by reading all kinds of letters and other manuscripts allegedly discovered in the sum of the sum of someone forgotten by someone. The story “Avenue not carried out because of love” is borrowed by forests from the prolific Spanish writer Alonso de Castillo-i-Solorsano-approx.

In the year of the release of this book, Leszh was forced to leave Paris. Having lost the eldest son, the famous actor Montmenil, the writer moved to his second son, a former Canon in Boulogne-Surmer. There Leszhezh died. Lame Diable Boiteux. The tie of the novel is the adventure of a student of Cleophas, who accidentally got into the laboratory of an astrologer and released a demon from the bank, who promises him to show his life as it is.

People of various classes and professions pass before Cleophase, but they are all sold, dishonorable, corrupted. Here are arrogant aristocrats - slutty holls burning life; judges selling laws; monks who are least thinking about heaven and are very caring for earthly benefits; Writers, honest and gifted in youth, but could not withstand deprivations and sell their talent.

Here are families, where, in anticipation of the inheritance, everyone wants the speedy death of the uncle or father.

The great success of the Roman’s novel was contributed to his topical readers and the fact that in many of his characters real prototypes were easily guessed. Turkare Turcaret. Therefore, the directors of the play had to overcome huge obstacles before it appeared on the stage. Before an insignificant and stupid Turkar, a former servant who managed to achieve the position of an influential financier, both bourgeois and noble aristocrats are equally dying.

They ruin him. Leszhzh mercilessly exposes both of them, showing that both the baroness with her salon and the bourgeois environment of the Turkare is his assistant Rostov Pafl and others - all the unscrupulous fraudsters, obsessed with an insatiable thirst for enrichment. Despite the fact that the action takes place in Spain, the author showed the customs of French society, real statesmen of the era of the regency and the beginning of the reign of King Louis XV, giving them Spanish names.

Gilles Blaz, an honest young man, goes to study at Salamank University. There he accidentally falls into a gang of tramps. On false accusations, he was put in prison; Leaving there, he serves with the doctor. By the will of chance, he becomes a servant of the omnipotent Minister of Lerm and soon acquires the disgusting features of his patron - cruelty, hypocrisy and swagger.

Returning to his homeland to the dying father, Gilles Blaz decides to lead the calm life of the layman. However, soon he again gets to the court and becomes the right hand of Minister Olivares, in the form of which Leszhu embodied his ideal of a disinterested ruler, who thinks primarily about the good of the people.