Ibn Sina Biography

Ibn Sina Avicenna - the poet was born about the poet: on August 16, the statesman, vizier, adviser and court doctor Emirov and Sultanov. The most famous and influential philosopher-scientific of the medieval Islamic world, representative of Eastern Aristotelism. The ingenious physician, his most important scientific essay, the “canon of medicine” in 5 parts received world fame and was repeatedly translated into other languages.

The author of more works in 29 areas of science, of which Iranian has come to our time by origin, Hussein Ibn Sina was born in a small village near Bukhara, the capital of the state ... Samanidov. His father was a rich official, Ismailis - a native of Balkh. A boy from an early age showed exceptional abilities and giftedness; By the age of ten he knew the Qur'an almost by heart.

Father gave him a systematic home education and then sent him to an ordinary Muslim school. When the boy was 10 years old, he already knew by heart the whole Qur'an, which, according to the convictions of Muslims, was considered the most venerable sign. Mathematics studied Mahmud Massokh, logic and fikh Muslim law - from Ismail Zahid, medicine - from the Bukhara doctor Abu Mansur Kamari.

Philosophy was studied by scientist Abu Abdallah Natali. All sciences and music were easily given to him, except for the "metaphysics" of Aristotle. From the age of 15, he began to study on his own and by the age of 18 he was already formed as a mature scientist. Carried away by medicine, Ibn Sina replenished reading books by observations of patients, which taught many treatment techniques that cannot be found in books.

At 16, he was invited to treat Emir Bukhara himself. At the age of 20, he was already the author of several books: an extensive encyclopedia, ethics publications and a medical dictionary. But in the year, Bukhara was taken by Turkmen Turks, and the Iranian dynasty of Samanidov Paul. Ibn Sina headed with a trading caravan to Khorezm, where his former mentors of Masikha and Biruni also arrived.

The local ruler of the city contributed to the development of sciences, allowing a scientist to gather in the palace for fruitful communication. Soon Ibn Sin began to be called the "prince of doctors." In the year, after refusing to serve with the Sultan, Mahmud Ghaznovi, his prosperous life was replaced by years of wanderings in Khorasan and Tabaristan. He sometimes wrote his works in the saddle during his long moves.

In gg. Ibn Sina lived in Hamadan, combining scientific activity with active participation in political and state affairs. For successful treatment, Emir Shams Ad-Daval received a vizier, but made his enemies in military circles. The ruler rejected the military demand to betray Ibn Sin of execution, but sent outside his possessions. After 40 days with the emir, another attack of the disease happened, which forced him to find the scientist and appoint him to his minister again.

After the death of Emir, for trying to move on to the service of the ruler of Isfhan for 4 months, he was imprisoned in the fortress. For the last 14 years of life, Ibn Sina served in Isfhan at the court of Emir Ala ad-Davla, where he was created by favorable conditions for scientific activity. He was the chief physician and adviser to Emir, accompanied him even in military campaigns. During these years, Ibn Sina, who was attacked by criticism of his style, turned to the study of literature and philology.

He also continued fruitful scientific work, completed the “canon of medical science”. However, many manuscripts of works, including the “Book of Justice”, “Kitab Ul-INSAF” burned during an attack on the Isfhan of the Gaznian army. During one of the military campaigns of the ruler of Isfahan, Ibn Sina opened a serious gastric disease, from which he could not cure himself.

In his will, he instructed to release all his slaves, rewarding them, and distribute all his property to the poor. At first, the scientist was buried in Hamadan near the city wall, and after 8 months his ashes were transported to Isfahan and reburied in the Emir mausoleum. Scientific and literary activity. The main philosophical works are the “Book of Healing” in an abbreviated presentation - “Book of Salvation”, “Book of instructions and instructions”, “Book of knowledge” in Farsi.

The philosophy of Ibn Sina continues the traditions of Eastern Aristotelicism in the field of metaphysics, epistemology and logic, and partly - the ontological concept of neoplatonism. Ibn Sina denies the creation of the world in time, explaining it as the timeless emanation of God - the “first reason”, from which the minds, souls and body of heavenly spheres expire in hierarchical order.

God alone, according to Ibn blue, has absolute existence, nevertheless the rest is itself but only possible, but really only thanks to God. However, nature, which has expired from God through the hierarchy of emanations, subsequently develops according to the principle of self -movement, being closed in time and space at the same time. In the social teaching of Ibn Sina, the idea of ​​the permissive of an armed uprising against an unfair government is noteworthy.

Muslim theologians in particular, the gas accused Ibn Sina of heresy and atheism, while Ibn Rushd criticized him from the standpoint of more consistent naturalism.The philosophical and natural-scientific treatises of Ibn Sina were very popular in the east and in the West for a number of centuries. The “canon” sets out the theoretical foundations of medicine - the author’s views on the philosophy of medicine, the doctrine of T.

Ibn Sina put forward the hypothesis of invisible pathogens of “feverish” infectious diseases transmitted through water and air. The clinical paintings of diseases described by Ibn with blue are accurate and full. In alchemy, Ibn Sina was the first critic of the idea of ​​transmutation of metals, which he considered impossible, and considered the preparation of drugs the main task of alchemy.

The few poems by Ibn Sina in Arabic and Farsi have been preserved. The main theme of his poetic creativity is the eternity of matter, the preaching of enlightenment and science. The characteristic features of Ibn Sina verses are aphorism, the simplicity of artistic and visual means. Most of his poems on Farsi are written in the form of Rubai. Ibn Sina also acted as a theoretician of literature-in the comments on the “poetics” of Aristotle and in the interpretation of the verses of the Arab poet Ibn Ar-Rumi.

The scientific works of Ibn Sina played a large role in the formation of classical Farsi as a literary language. Ibn Sina influenced classical Iranian literature, to a lesser extent - on the Arabic, Uzbek and partly medieval Jewish literature. With his story “Living, the son of a wakeful”, some researchers connect the plot of Dante's Divine Comedy. Detailed biography.